心房颤动低能量体内电转复的临床应用

Clinical application of low energy intracardiac cardioversion of atrial fibrillation

目的 评价低能量体内电转复对持续性心房颤动 (房颤 )的有效性和安全性。方法 7例持续性房颤患者接受低能量双相波R波同步体内电转复。术前经食管心脏超声检查以排除左房内血栓 ,并皮下注射低分子肝素 3～ 5d。分别行颈内或左右股静脉穿剌 ,置入 2根专用的除颤电极 ,1根置于低位右房并使其放电部位尽量与右房游离壁紧密接触 ;另 1根置于冠状静脉窦或左肺动脉。此外 ,1根标准四极电生理导管置于右室心尖部以司感知同步和起搏支持用。除颤能量释放采用Telectronics公司的植入支持系统 ,型号 4 5 10。转复成功后 ,所有患者均静脉给予胺碘酮治疗 2 4h ,以后改为口服维持。结果 所有患者经低能量体内电转复后均恢复为窦性心律 ,共除颤 13次 (平均 2次 /例 ) ,能量为 (7.8± 2 .2 )焦耳。无任何并发症发生。随访 (18± 9)个月 ,4例 (5 7% )仍为窦性心律 ,3例分别于转律后第 2、5和 2 4 0天重新转为房颤。结论 低能量体内电转复 ,是一种无需全身麻醉、简便易行、安全。

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low energy intracardiac cardioversion in persistent atrial fibrillation. Methods Low energy intracardiac cardioversion was performed by delivering R wave synchronized biphasic shocks in 7 patients(4 men, 3 women) with persistent atrial fibrillation. Prior to the procedure, all patients underwent transesophageal echocardiographic examinations to rule out the presence of intracardiac thrombus and received subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin for 3 5 days. Two custom made 6 Fr catheters(Rhythm Technologies of Getz, USA) were used for de fibrillation shock delivery. One catheter was positioned in the lower right atrium so that the majority of the catheter electrodes had firm contact with the right atrial free wall. The second catheter was placed randomly either in coronary sinus through right internal jugular vein or in the left pulmonary artery through femoral vein. In addition, a standard diagnostic 6 F quadropolar catheter was placed at the right ventricular apex for ventricular synchronization and postshock ventricular pacing. Shocks were delivered by Implant Support Device(Model 4510, Teleceronics). After conversion, all patients were treated with intravenous amiodarone in the first 24 hours followed by oral administration. Results In all 7 patients cardioversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm was successfully obtained. A mean of 2±1 shocks per patient has been delivered with a total amount of 13 shocks. The average delivered energy was 7.8±2.2 Joules. No complication occurred. At a mean follow up of 18±9 months, 4 of the 7 patients treated successfully showed sinus rhythm there after. Atrial fibrillation recurred in 3 patients at the second, fifth day and eighth month after cardioversion. Conclusions Low energy intracardiac cardioversion is effective and safe, and can be easily performed in patients without geneal anesthesia. It offers a new option for restoring sinus rhythm in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation.