红崖山水库径流量减少与民勤绿洲水资源危机分析

Runoff Reduction into Hongyashan Reservoir and Analysis on Water Resources Crisis of Minqin Oasis

民勤绿洲是武威、金昌等重要经济区的生态屏障。近半个世纪以来,随着石羊河中游工农业经济的持续发展,用水量不断增加,致使红崖山水库入库径流量不断减少,进而引起了下游民勤绿洲一系列生态环境问题,已到了"崩溃"的边缘。本文在定量分析入库径流量减少原因的基础上,全面阐述了民勤绿洲生态环境恶化的严重程度,并以流域水资源承载能力为依据,提出了解决民勤绿洲水资源危机之途径。

Minqin oasis is like an ecological shelter to protect the important economic districts as Jinchang and Wuwei. In the last 50 years, the runoff into Hongyashan reservoir has been reducing mainly because water use increases gradually with the economic continuously development in the middle reach area of Shiyanhe river basin. According to the measured data, the runoff reduced from 5\^45×108 m3 \5a-1 in 1950s to 1\^36×108 m3 \5a-1\} in 1990s. The shortage of surface water and the over pumping of groundwater has caused a series of ecological environment problems in Minqin oasis such as regional declining of groundwater level, water quality deterioration, oasis shrinking and land salification or desertification. If any harnessing measures will not be adopted, the environment of the oasis will become further deteriorated.\;The countermeasures about how to deal with water crisis are as follows: (1) The area of cultivated land should be limited according to water resources capacity. If the surplus of the cultivated land in upper river reach area be replaced with grasses or trees, a 0\^58×108 m3\5a-1 runoff could be increased into the reservoir. (2) Inter\|basin water diversion for the oasis. (3) Plentiful groundwater buried in the edge of the Tengger desert can be exploited properly, and the allowable groundwater pumpage is about 1×108 m3\5a-1, therefore it will be the best way to solve the problem of water resources shortage in Minqin oasis.