安徽省口腔健康流行病学抽样调查结果分析

An Epidemiological study is of Oral Health in Anhui Province

目的 为了掌握安徽省不同地区及年龄段人群的口腔健康状况及人们对口腔健康知识、卫生行为的知晓情况 ,探索龋病、牙周病的发病情况 ,预测发展趋势与人群特点及与社会因素的关系。方法 对 5岁、12岁、15岁、18岁、35～ 44岁、6 5～ 74岁 6个年龄组共 13 974人进行了安徽省第一次口腔健康流行病学抽样调查。采用多阶段的分层、不等比、整群抽样。结果 dmf 5岁 6 6 3 % ,DMF 12岁 30 3% ,15岁 39 0 % ,18岁 39 9% ,35～ 44岁 45 9% ,6 5～ 74岁6 2 5 % ;平均需治牙数为 5岁乳牙 2 79颗 ,恒牙 12岁 0 6 1颗 ,15岁 0 89颗 ,18岁 0 84颗 ,35～ 44岁 2 35颗 ,6 5～ 74岁 8 47颗。牙结石平均区段数 ,12岁组 0 89,15岁组1 6 4,18岁组 2 39,35～ 44岁组 3 70 ,6 5～ 74岁组 3 0 1;需洁治的人数 12岁组 38 5 % ,15岁组 5 9 8% ,18岁组79 4% ,35～ 44岁组 93 4% ,6 5～ 74岁组 86 6 %。 12岁与15岁氟牙症指数为 0 2 19与 0 2 8。刷牙率为 97 2 %。结论 恒牙患龋率不高 ,乳牙患龋率较高。牙周检查中牙结石检出率较高 ,牙周洁治需要量大。老年人群失牙过多 ,带义齿率较低 ,无论对全口义齿或局部义齿的修复需要量都很大。普遍缺乏口腔卫生知识。有效刷牙差。

Objective To evaluate oral health among people of different ages in various areas and their dental knowledge and behavior, and to investigate the prevalence of dental caries and periodontitis and their relationship with demographic characteristics and social factors. Methods A non-proportional stratified cluster sampling was used and a total of 13974 people were selected and investigated. Results DMF among age groups 5, 12, 18, 35～44 and 65～74 was 66.3%, 30.3%, 39.0%, 39.9%, 45.9% and 62.5% respectively. Per-capita number of teeth with caries that need dental care for the six groups was 2.79(primary teeth), 0.61, 0.89, 0.84, 2.35 and 8.47 respectively. Per-capita numbers of calculus sextants was 0.89 (age 12), 1.64(age 15), 2.39(age 18), 3.70(age 35～44) and 3.01(age 65～74). Index of dental fluorosis among 12 and 15-year groups were 0.219 and 0.28 respectively. Rate of tooth brushing was 97.2%. Conclusions While the prevalence rate of permanent caries was low, the prevalence rate of primary caries was rather high. Dental calculus was found in most cases of periodontics examination indicating high need of dental care. Although the aged group had lost many teeth, most of them did not wear any denture suggesting that these exists huge need for complete as well as partial denture restoration. It is also found that lack of knowledge about oral heath and ineffective tooth brushing is very common.