初论造山带成矿学

PRIMARY DISCUSSION ON OROGENIC METALLOGENY

造山带成矿学是研究造山带矿床形成环境、条件、机理及分布规律的科学,是地球物质科学新的生长点。造山带具有矿床类型多、矿产种类多、大型-超大型矿床发育、成矿时间跨度大、成矿多期次和多旋回发育等特点,区域成矿的多样性、继承性、新生性和叠加性明显,成矿具分带性和不均匀性,大规模成矿与重大构造热事件相关。造山带成矿学的研究内容应主要包括:造山带类型及其构造演化,主要矿床类型、成矿系列和成矿模式,成矿环境与控矿要素,成矿物质、流体与成矿机制,构造、成岩、成矿年代学,矿床形成后的变化与保存,造山带中成矿规律以及区域矿产资源潜力评价等。造山带成矿学研究需要多学科理论与方法技术的融合,以揭示造山带矿床形成和分布规律。造山带成矿学概念与框架的提出,将有助于造山带矿床形成与分布规律的研究,为指导矿产资源勘查评价工作取得新突破做出贡献。

Orogenic metallogeny is an important branch of regional metallogeny,newly growing in Earth material sciences,and it studies the oreforming settings, oreconditions, oremechanism and distribution regularity of deposits in an orogen.The orogenic belts are characterized by the development of a great variety of deposits with many kinds of minerals,welldeveloped large or superlarge deposits,and the mineralization of a great span,multiperiods and multicycles.The regional deposits,showing obvious diversity,inheritance,rebirth and superposition,are distributed zonally and asymmetrically,and the large mineralization processes are usually found to be related to important tectonicthermal events.Orogenic metallogeny includes orogen style and its tectonic evolution, main ore deposit types, series and oreforming models, oreforming environments and controlling factors, ore material, fluid and oreforming mechanism, the chronology of tectonics, rock formation and oreforming, ore deposit change and conservation after its formation, oreforming regularity in orogen and regional ore resources potential evaluation etc. Evidently,the study of the deposits in orogen needs the help of multisciences knowledge and methods, such as mineralogy, petrology, study of mineral deposits, tectonics, paleontology and stratigraphy, geophysics, geochemistry, survey and prospect for mineral resources, information science, system science etc, to display the disciplinarians of ore deposits formation and distribution. The concept and frame of orogenic metallogeny will be helpful to the study of the regularity of mineral deposits formation and their distribution in orogenic belts and for the new breakthrough in the assessment of mineral.