摘要
文中综合论述了近 2 0年来中国大气气溶胶研究状况 ,包括对大气气溶胶的直接采样分析 ,地面和卫星的遥感 ,大气气溶胶辐射特性及其气候效应的研究以及沙尘暴的形成、输送及气候效应的研究等。直接采样分析不仅研究了气溶胶的浓度和粒子谱分布等特性 ,而且也对其化学组分做了分析 ,高空气球采样得到了对流层和低平流层的气溶胶样品 ,并用X能谱电子显微镜进行了分析。地面遥感和多种卫星资料 ,包括AVHRR ,SVISSR ,TOMS ,POLDER等 ,被用来研究大气气溶胶的辐射特性 ,并提出了用消光和前向散射相结合和利用天空散射光分布反演粒子谱分布相函数等方法。开展了有关气溶胶气候效应的数值模拟研究 ,并对非球形粒子以及吸湿性粒子的作用做了专门的计算。对沙尘粒子的直接观测为研究其生成条件和输送特性提供了基础数据。文中对不同的研究方法进行了初步评述 ,并对气溶胶的研究提出几点建议。
The research on atmospheric aerosol in China is summarily commented in this paper,include the direct sample and analyzed, the ground and satellite remote sensing, the research of the radiative property of the atmospheric aerosols and its climate effect, the format and the transport of the dust storm. The direct sample not only analyzed the mass concentration and the size destribution, but also the chemical composition of the aerosol. The balloon observation get the aerosol's samples in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. The particles Were analyzed by using a transmission electron microscope equipped with an energh-disperive Xray analyzer. Surface remote sensind and multi satllites data, include AVHRR, SVISSR, TOMS, POLDER etc was used to retieval the radiative property of the atmospheric aerosol, special, combing the extinction and forward scattering observation and using the distribution of the sky light, the size distribution and the phase function of the aerosol are retrieval. The Climatic effect of the aerosol was research with the numerical simulation. The influence on non-spheroid particles and water soluble particles are calculated. The directed sample and analyzed of the sand paricles provide the basic knowledge used to research the formation and transport of the dust storm. Different method is discussed and several pieces of proposal are brought forward in this research area.
出处
《气象学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第5期625-634,共10页
Acta Meteorologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目 ( 4 96 35 2 0 0 )。
