导电聚合物纳米纤维的成型

Formation of nanofibers of conductive polymers

系统论述了纳米纤维成型加工新方法和导电聚合物纳米级长丝、原纤及纳米线的成型 ,提出了纳米纤维未来的潜在研究方向。指出静电纺丝法可制得导电聚合物纳米长丝 ,其直径取决于纺丝工艺参数 ;模板合成法可制得导电聚合物纳米原纤及其取向阵列 ,其直径及长度与所用模板孔径及厚度一致 ;电化学合成法可制得聚苯胺和富勒烯衍生物掺杂聚苯胺的纳米线及其电接触性良好的二维、三维非周期纳米网络。聚苯胺长丝的最小直径已控制在 1 0 0nm以下 ,聚苯胺分别与聚氧乙烯和聚苯乙烯形成的共混纤维最小直径分别为 950nm和 72nm ,聚吡咯原纤直径可达 30nm。导电聚合物纳米纤维的电导率随直径下降而急剧上升 。

Both new processing technology of nanofibers and the formation of nanoscale filaments,fibrils and nano-wires of conductive polymers are systematically elaborated.The potential research direction is pointed out.It is suggested that nanoscale filaments of conductive polymers are able to be prepared by electrospinning,its diameter is dependent on the spinning technological parameters.Both the fibrils and ordered nanofibrils array of conductive polymers can be prepared by template synthesis,whose diameter and length are identical to the pore diameter and the thickness of porous template employed respectively.Single nanofibrils of both polyaniline and polyaniline doped with fullerene derivatives,which can be organized in 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional non-periodic networks with good electrical contact ability,can be obtained by electrochemical synthesis.The minimal diameter of polyaniline fiber can be controlled under 100 nm.The minimal diameters of polyaniline/poly(ethylene oxide) and polyaniline/polystyrene blend fibers are 950 nm and 72 nm respectively.The diameter of polypyrrole fibrils can reach 30 nm.The conductivity of the nanofibers increases dramatically with decreasing fiber diameter,which indicates their tempting performance and potential application.