宁都黄鸡繁殖性能及种蛋品质的研究

A Study on the Breeding Performance and the Quality of Breeding Eggs of Ningdu Yellow Chicken

就宁都黄鸡性成熟、产蛋规律、受精率和孵化率、种蛋品质和精液品质以及就巢性等 5个方面进行研究并作了论述。结果表明 ,宁都黄鸡无论公母均表现出典型的早熟性 ,而且其性成熟期到四世代已趋于稳定 ,这是宁都黄鸡十分可贵的种质特性 ,早熟性是优质黄鸡必备的最主要特征之一 ,宁都黄鸡不仅具备 ,而且十分突出。公、母鸡性成熟期分别为 5 5～ 6 0日龄和 10 0～ 12 0日龄 ,开产日龄 135～ 14 0日龄 (指群体 ) ;日产蛋分布中 ,9时至 15时是全天产蛋最为集中的时间 ,所产蛋数占全天 75 .6 2 % ;从产蛋曲线看出 ,产蛋最高峰多在开产后第 7周 ,少数于第 8周出现 ,到四世代止 ,产蛋率最高时可达 6 3%以上 ,产蛋率急剧下降第一次出现在开产后第 8～ 9周 ,第二次出现在开产后 4 3～ 4 5周 ,其余时间为缓慢下降 ;受精率方面 ,经 5代选育 ,受精率提高了 10 .13个百分点 ,平均每代提高了 2 .5 3个百分点 ,受精率的逐代提高 ,使孵化率亦随之逐代提高。率差指数逐代变小 ,即由零世代的 9.95 6 %逐代分别降为 9.314 %、8.99%、8.5 1% ,到四世代为 7.996 % ,说明饲养管理及孵化技术水平在逐代提高 ;种蛋品质方面 ,经 5代选育 ,淡褐壳色最后成了宁都黄鸡的品种特征壳色 ,四世代此壳色占 95 .2 5 4 %。蛋重由零世代 39.

This essay studies Ningdu Yellow Chicken on their sexual maturity, laying law, rate of fertilization, rate of hatchability, quality of breeding eggs, quality of semen and sitting nature. The result shows that both the cock and the hen display typical early matureness, and the sexual maturity stage tends to become stable at the 4th generation. The sexual maturity stage of the cock and hen is 55～60 and 100～120 days of age respectively. The hens begin laying at 135～140 days of age (refer to population). The hens lay eggs most likely from 9:00am to 3:00pm and the amount of eggs lain during this period takes up 75.62% of that of a whole day. The climax of egg laying appears at the 7th week after the first laying and some at the 8th week. The highest egg-laying rate can reach over 63% at the 4th generation. The egg-laying rate gets sharp decrease at the 8th～9th week after the first laying for the first time and at the 43th～45th after the first laying for the second time, the rest time is a slow decrease period. The rate of fertilization increases generation by generation, the rate of hatchability also increases. The index of difference between fertilization rate and hatchability rate decrease gradually. As for the quality of breeding eggs, the characteristic color of eggs of Ningdu Yellow Chicken breed is light brown after five generation's selection. All the index for the quality of semen are within the normal range. The density of semen is 2.86 billion/mL and is within the low medium range. The sitting nature of this chicken is quite strong and also exists commonly, this is the main reason for low breeding ability.