烟草木霉菌剂的肥效测定及叶面、根部定殖研究

Study on the fertilizer efficiency of tobacco fungicide T. virid and its colonization on tobacco leaf and root

烤烟施用木霉菌剂 (Tv- 1) ,不但可提高烟苗素质和抗病性 ,而且 ,可提高烟叶产量与产值 10 %左右 ,提高土壤速效养分利用率2 0 %～ 4 0 % ,N、P、K肥利用率分别提高了 7.7%、1.13%和 11.8%。施用木霉菌剂的烟株生理代谢较为协调 ,游离脯氨酸的含量降低 ,丙二醛 (MDA)的含量增加 ,有利于烟叶品质形成。研究了绿色木霉菌 Tv- 1菌株在烟草叶面的定殖情况。结果表明 :Tv- 1可以在烟草叶面定殖。喷雾后 2 4 h可以观察到 Tv- 1分生孢子吸附于烟草叶面 ,随后生长繁殖。 Tv- 1主要定殖于叶面腺毛基部及气孔周围 ,并且表现出强烈的侵入叶片的生长趋势。叶面喷雾后 4周内均可以从处理的叶片中回收到 Tv- 1,但在检测时间内 Tv- 1的定殖数量均低于原始施入量 ,除第 2周内数量略有回升外 ,其余时间均呈下降趋势。在限菌条件下通过琼脂平板培养试验 ,用木霉半选择性培养基分离计数 ,研究了影响绿色木霉菌 Tv- 1菌株在烟草根部定殖的因素。水分含量、p H值、营养成分和烟草品种对 Tv- 1菌株定殖烟草根部均有不同程度的影响。 Tv- 1在 3%含水量、偏酸性 (p H4 ,5 ,6 )、葡萄糖琼脂平板上定殖于烟草的数量高于其它条件下 Tv- 1的定殖数量 ;云烟 85、G2 8,NC89在供试的 6个烟草品种中较其它品种利于 Tv- 1的定殖。

Applying fungicide \% Trichoderma virid\% in the root soil and on leaf of flue cured tobacco can not only increase the quality of tobacco and its resistance to disease but also improve tobacco yield and output value by 10%. The utilization ratio of quick\|acting soil nutrient is increased by 20%~40%. The utilization ratio of fertilizer of N,P,K is increased by 7.7%,1.13% and 11.8% seperately. Results show that tobacco applied with fungicide appeared more harmonious in physical metabolism. The content of free PRO was lowered and MDA was increased. This is benefecial to improve tobacco quality. Results also show that Tv\|1 could colonize on the leaf of tobacco. Conidia of Tv\|1 adhere to tobacco leaf after 24 hours of spraying, then grow and reproduce. It took on obviously grow phenomena of penetrating into tobaco leaf and can be recovered in four weeks of spraying. The colonization quantity of Tv\|1 was measured by \%Trichderma \% Semiselective Medium(TSM). Moisture content, nutrition, pH value and tobacco variety affected the quantity of root colonization on tobacco by Tv\|1 to certain degree. The colonization quantity on ager plate of 3% moisture content, pH 4,5,6 and glucose was higher than that under other conditions. Yunyan85, G28 and NC89 performed better than other varieties of this experiment for colonization by Tv\|1.