纳米级过渡金属氧化物对高氯酸铵催化性能的研究

Study of Catalytic Activity of Nanocrystalline Transition Metal Oxides on NH_4ClO_4

用热分析法考察了纳米级过渡金属氧化物对含能材料高氯酸铵(AP)的催化分解作用。结果表明,对于一元过渡金属氧化物,纳米CuO的催化效果最明显,其催化活性与其制备方法和微结构有关。其中分散性较好的球形纳米CuO,催化活性最强,使AP的高温分解峰温前移93.19℃,分解放热量由590.12J·g-1增至1420J·g-1。掺杂5%Cu2+的纳米Fe2O3对AP分解的催化活性大大增强,使AP的高温分解峰温由原来前移约35℃增至约78℃,进一步前移43℃之多。分解放热量也由掺杂前的980.50J·g-1增至1230J·g-1。同一元过渡金属氧化物相比,某些多元过渡金属氧化物的催化活性更高。特别是化合物1,使AP的高温分解峰温下降了110℃之多,分解放热量增至1470J·g-1。

Catalytic activity of nanocrystalline transition metal oxides on the decomposition of energetic material NH4ClO4 (AP) is investigated by thermal analysis. Results indicated that the nanocrystalline CuO powders have most strongly catalytic activities comparing with other monometal oxides. Moreover, the catalytic activities of the nanocrystalline CuO powders on the decomposition of AP have relationship with preparing methods and the microstructure of nanocrystalline CuO powders. Among them, the catalysis of the spherical shape nanocrystal CuO powders with better dispersion on AP decomposition is the strongest, and it can made the higher temperature peak of AP decomposition drop down 93.19 ℃ and made thermal power rise to 1 420 J·g-1 by 590.12 J·g-1. Nanocrystalline Fe2O3 with doping with Cu2+(5%) can greatly enhance its catalytic activity on the decomposition of AP, and it made the higher temperature peak of AP decomposition drop down 78 ℃ by 35 ℃ (continuing dropping 43 ℃), and made thermal power rise to 1 230 J·g-1by 980.50 J·g-1. Compared with monometal oxides, some new multimetal oxides have more strongly catalytic activities. Especially compound 1, it made the higher temperature peak of AP decomposition drop down more 110℃ and made thermal power rise to 1 470 J·g-1.