丹参主要居群的遗传关系及药材道地性的初步研究

Primary research on genetic relationship among main populations of Salvia miltiorrhiza and genuineness of herb

目的 研究丹参主要居群的遗传关系及药材的道地性问题。方法 选择丹参主要产地样本 4 4个 (包括 9个居群样本 ) ,进行 RAPD分析 ,得到的扩增条带用 NTSYS- pc和 AMOVA软件进行数据处理。结果 (1)从 10 0多个引物中选择出 11个多态性强和重复性好的引物 ,扩增得到 12 9条带 ;(2 )不同居群内多态位点比率为2 0 .9%～ 5 5 .0 % ;(3)用 U PGMA法得到所有样本的聚类图 ,可分为 6个主要分支组和 3个组外个体 ,其中四川中江居群的 5个样本聚为一组 ,并与其他样本遗传距离较大 ;(4)按产地分组 ,遗传差异的 80 .4 4 %存在于居群内 ,8.2 9%来自于组内居群间 ,11.2 7%的遗传差异来自于组间。结论 (1)丹参居群内遗传多样性十分丰富 ;(2 )山东和河南的栽培居群栽培种源来自于当地野生居群 ,尚没有进行人工选择 ,丹参酮 A 等成分的减少的原因主要是栽培条件不理想 ;(3)地区间居群的遗传分化不均衡 ,四川中江和河北承德居群与其他居群距离较远 ;(4)丹参的道地性的确定应当依据现代的优质药材评价系统 ,山东和河南产的丹参也可认为是丹参的道地药材。

Object To research on genetic relationship among the main populations of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and the genuineness of the herb. Methods From main distributed places, 44 samples (including nine populations) were analyzed by RAPD. The data of amplified bands were analyzed by the software NTSYS-pc and AMOVA. Results (1) From more than 100 primers, 11 primers producing polymorphism and reproduceable bands were selected, 129 bands were amplified. (2) The percentage of polymorphic bands within different populations were 20.9%-55.0%. (3) The cluster map including all samples were obtained by UPGMA. In the map, there were six cluster groups and three individuals outside the groups. The branch with five samples of Zhongjiang Sichuan population were far from other samples in genetic distance. (4) According to the distribution provinces five groups were divided in genetic variance analysis. Genetic variance 80.44% existing within population, 8.29% among populations and 11.27% among groups. Conclusion (1) The genetic diversity within population of S. miltiorrhiza is plentiful. (2) The seeds of the cultivated population in Shandong and Henan Provinces come from the wild ones of same places. The cultivated plants lack artificial selection. The decrease of chemical compound is mainly due to the undesired condition of cultivating. (3) The genetic differentiation among the populations from different provinces is unbalance. Two population from Zhongjiang Sichuan and Chengde Hebei are far from the other population. (4) The genuineness of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae should be decided according to modern evaluation system. The herbs from some places of Shandong and Henan should be genuine ones.