低含量铅的接触时对儿童健康的危害

Harms to Children in the Contact with Lead in Low Quantity

目的 :探讨低含量铅的接触对儿童健康的危害。随着都市化、工业化的发展 ,环境日益污染 ,生活中铅的利用逐渐增多 ,人们对铅的接触也在逐渐增多。如农药的使用 ,植物中铅污染 ,燃油的燃烧及排放 ,家庭中的化妆品、染发剂、增白剂等的使用。造成了儿童对低度铅接触 ,直接危害到儿童消化系统、血液循环系统、神经系统。危害了儿童的身体健康和身体发育。方法 :对包头市青山区医院医保体检及就诊儿童的15 0名儿童从 2 0 0 1年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 10月份 ,采用全组Znpp检测 ,测定血红蛋白 (Hb)值。根据 1985年美国疾病控制中心 (CDC)儿童铅中毒指南的诊断标准 ,Znpp超过 0 62 2 μmol/L ,提示可能中毒。结果 :儿童的铅水平随着年龄增长 ,呈逐步上升趋势。根据美国CDC儿童中毒指南的诊断标准 ,本次调查了 15 0名儿童 ,有 117名儿童呈现铅中毒现象。其中Ⅱ级铅中毒 72名 ,占铅中毒儿童的 61 5 % ;Ⅲ级铅中毒 4 5例 ,占铅中毒儿童的 38 4 6%。结果显示城市日常生活中铅接触导致儿童中毒以轻中度居多。结论 :铅可通过皮肤、消化道、呼吸道进入体内与多种器官亲和 ,对神经系统、血液循环系统、消化道系统、泌尿系统等造成损害 ;严重影响体内的新陈代谢 ,阻塞金属离子的代谢通道 ;造成低钙、低锌、低铁 。

Objective:To inquire into the harms to children in the contaction with lead in tow quantity.With the development of industry and agriculture and the ecvironment polluteiond,the chances of using and contacting lead are more and more in people's lives,such as the application of pesticides,exhausting of poisonous gases,thing use of lighteners,and lead pollution in plants.All these contain lead and when children contact with them,harmrs can directly be caused to the children's digestive system,blood circulatory system and nervous system,and affect children's health and growth.Method:150 children were investigated,who went to a doctor or were just for physical examination in Qingshan Region Hospital,Bao Tooue City from Jan.to Qct.2001,and were checked,by Znpp,and the value of Hb was determined.According to the standard of CDC.of the UAS in 1985,if the value of Znpp is more than 0.622 μmol/L,toxicosis might be diagnosed.Result:The level of lead in children is rising as the ages go on.In this investigation,among 150 children investigated,117 cases were lead poisoning,72 of whom were level Ⅱ,covering 61.5%;45 of whom were level Ⅲ,covering 38.46%.slight and middling cases were more. Conclusion:Lead can get into human bodies through shin,digestive tract,and it has the effinity with many organs and does harm to digestive,blood circulatory and nervous systems as well as heart blood vessel,and urological system.And it can affect metabolism,block the passageway of the metabolism of the metal ions,causing low Ca,Low Zn,Low Fe and leading to difficulties in supplement of these elements,arising some symptoms in nervous system and obstcales in metabolism,making the children's intelligence lower,reactions slow,activities ahort,memory droping and doing harm to their health.Therefore,environmental sanitation and protection must be strenghtened and propaganda in the knowledge about lead poisoning and health education must be conducted greatly in order to ensure and promote the children's health.