清末的农政机构与农业政策

Agricultural administrative structures and policies of the late Qing Dynasty

19世纪末 2 0世纪初 ,在政治、经济和军事危机的极度重压下 ,清政府被迫对农业进行了一系列改良 :设置了全国性的农业管理机构 ,选派留学生出国习农 ,设立农业学校 ,兴办农会 ,重视农事试验 ,并着力改良棉、蚕、茶业。这些政策和措施一定程度上推动了中国农业近代化的进程。但清政府对农业的改良是以服务于工商业为目的的 ,农业政策在制订和实施过程中都表现得摇摆混乱 ,难以得到有效施行 。

Faced with the serious crises of politics and economy, the government of Qing Dynasty was forced to carry out agricultural reforms at the turn of the 20th century, which had expedited the emergence of modern agriculture in China: setting up national agricultural management agencies, sending students abroad for agricultural studies, establishing agricultural schools, associations, experimental farms, improving cotton, silk and tea businesses. However, the Qing government's reform is blemished by its limitation to serving commercial and industrial purposes and its wavering, self contradictory and disorderly decision making, implementation and management of agricultural policies, which has hindered the maturation of modern agriculture.