脂肪干细胞的分化功能及在组织修复中的应用

Differentiation of adipose-derived stem cell and its application in tissue repair

成体干细胞有巨大的潜能治疗多种疾病,细胞疗法和再生医学为治疗组织缺损和器官损伤提供了新思路,脂肪干细胞(ADSCs)与胚胎干细胞(ESCs)、诱导多能干细胞(i PSCs)及骨髓干细胞(BMSCs)为比较理想的类型。通过查阅一定量的文献我们了解到,获取脂肪干细胞的方法对人体的损伤最小,且含量丰富,也不受到伦理道德、识别困难等问题的限制并易于扩增。同时ADSCs在不同的条件下能够分化成脂肪细胞、成骨细胞、软骨细胞、肌细胞、神经细胞。这些特性为脂肪干细胞移植治疗软组织缺损和难愈合伤口提供了一种选择,并且在美容外科也有一定的应用。现在对目前脂肪干细胞的分离、分化和治疗进行阐述。

Adult stem cells have great potential to treat many diseases. Cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine have present a new vision for curing tissue defects and injury organ. Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) are among the most promising stem cell types, as well as embryonic stem cells(ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells(i PSCs) and bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs). Studies have indicated that ADSCs are easy to get with almost no damage to human body, of great abundance, and are not limited by ethical issues and difficulties in identification. At the same time, ADSCs can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes and neuronal cells under different conditions. These characteristics provide a choice for treating soft tissue defects and non-healing wounds. ADSCs have also been shown to be of certain significance in aesthetic surgery. In this review, the isolation, differentiation and therapeutic applications of ADSCs would be discussed.