2716例流感样病例流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiologic characteristics of 2716 influenza-like illness cases

目的分析2012年7月至2015年6月2 716例流感样病例监测结果,了解嘉定区流感流行特征,发现流感病毒变异情况和流感患者分布特点,为预防和控制流感流行提供科学论证依据。方法采集监测哨点医院流感样病例鼻咽拭子标本,采用实时荧光PCR方法检测病毒核酸。运用描述性统计学方法和SPSS19.0软件对数据进行处理。结果 2 716例流感样病例共检出流感病毒阳性786份(28.9%),以季节性H3为主(84.4%),检测出的病毒种类由1种逐渐增至4种;不同年龄组和月份病毒检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),大于60岁年龄组检出率最高为54.2%,1~3月组的阳性率(52.9%)明显高于其他组。流感患者样中不同性别和体温差异则无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 2012年7月至2015年6月嘉定区季节性H3病例在所有流感病例中所占比例最大,检测出的病毒种类的种类不断增加。流感病毒易感染人群以大于60岁的老年人为主,1~3月尤其要做好流感流感防控工作。

Objective To investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of influenza, variation of influenza virus, and distribution situation of influenza patients in Jiading District of Shanghai, so as to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of influenza. Methods From July 2012 to June 2015, the epidemiologic characteristics of 2 716influenza-like illness(ILI) cases in Jiading District of Shanghai were investigated and analyzed. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from influenza-like illness cases in influenza-monitoring hospital and real-time fluorescence PCR was used to detect influenza viruses in these samples. Descriptive epidemiology methods and SPSS19.0 were performed for statistical analysis. Results Of 2 716 collected Nasopharyngeal swab samples of ILI, 789(28.9%) were detected with positive, and seasonal influenza H3 was the most widespread influenza(84.4%). The type of the influenza was increasing year by year, from one to four. The influenza virus positive rates of different ages and months have statistically significant differences, the older than sixty-year group has the highest influenza virus positive rate(54.2%)(P>0.05), and the period of January to March has higher influenza virus positive rate than other months(52.9%), P>0.05.Conclusion The seasonal influenza H3 was the most widespread influenza in Jiading District of Shanghai during July2012 to June 2015, and the type of the influenza was increasing year by year. The susceptible population of influenza was the elderly older than sixty-year. Seasonal influenza was the significant epidemiologic characteristics, and measures should be taken to prevent and control influenza, especially from January to March.