新型Th9细胞及其与包虫病关系的研究进展

Research progress of new Th9 cells and relationships with echinococcosis

CD4^+T细胞亚群中最早被发现且研究的是Th1和Th2细胞,近年来不仅对调节性T细胞(Treg)和辅助性T细胞亚群17(Th17)的研究显著增加,还报道了一种新型Th细胞亚群,即辅助性T细胞亚群9(Th9)。新近研究表明,在某些特定条件下,存在着不同于Th1、Th2和Th17的CD4^+Th细胞亚群,即Th9。它有着独特的分化机制和免疫应答机制,可以产生大量的IL-9。Th9细胞已被证明其不仅参与了各种自身免疫性疾病,还参与了包虫病感染后的免疫应答过程,并且有利于棘球蚴继续寄生在宿主体内。包虫病的"免疫逃避"机制与辅助性T细胞的免疫应答有密切的关系。

Th1 and Th2 cells are the first to be discovered and studied in the CD4+T cells. In recent years, studies have also focused on regulatory T cells(Treg) and T helper cell subsets 17(Th17), as well as a new type of Th cell subsets, namely helper T cell subsets 9(Th9), which is discovered under the condition of TGF-β co-cultured with IL-4and is different from Th1, Th2 and Th17 of CD4+Th cell subsets. Th9 has unique differentiation mechanisms and immune response mechanisms, which can produce large amounts of IL-9. Given the pleiotropic function of IL-9, Th9 cells are demonstrated to be involved in various autoimmune diseases. Th9 was also found to be involved in the immune response after echinococcosis infection, and it is beneficial for the echinococcus to continue to parasitize in the host. The 'immune escape' mechanism of echinococcosis is related closely to the immune response of the helper T cells.