机场鸟类群落的组成与动态

Community composition and dynamic of bird in the airport

为了减少机场鸟撞事故的发生,2017年4月至2018年3月,采用样线法对河北南部机场鸟类群落与动态进行了研究.结果显示:共记录鸟类12目29科66种,雀形目(Passeriformes)鸟类的密度、活动频率和Shannon-Weiner多样性指数(H′)最高.在空间动态分布上,各样区的鸟类在物种数量、密度、活动频率、多样性指数和Pielou均匀性指数(E)上均存在着显著性差异(P<0.05),其中样区4的鸟类物种数和活动频率最高;样区6的鸟类密度、多样性指数和均匀性指数最大;样区1和样区4的相似性系数(S)最高.在季节动态分布上,各季节的鸟类在物种数量、密度、活动频率和均匀性指数上差异性不显著(P>0.05),但是在多样性指数上存在着显著性差异(P<0.05).春季鸟类物种数最高;春季和秋季鸟类多样性指数、均匀性指数最高;夏季和冬季鸟类密度、活动频率最高;春夏两季的相似性系数最高.因此,根据此特点和机场生境,结合对机场有威胁的29种鸟类,提出有关鸟类防治对策.

In order to reduce the bird strike at airport,the bird community and dynamic in the southern airport of Hebei Province were studied by using the route survey in April 2017 to March 2018.The results showed that:66 species of birds belonging to 29 families and 12 orders were recorded,the density,activity frequency and Shannon-Weiner diversity index(H′)of Passeriformes were the highest.In terms of spatial dynamic distribution,bird in various regions showed significant differences in species number,density,activity frequency,diversity index and Pielou evenness index(E)(P<0.05).Species number and activity frequency of sample area 4 were the highest;the bird density,diversity index and evenness index were the largest in the sample area 6.The similarity coefficients(S)of sample area 1 and sample area 4 were the highest.There were no significant differences in species number,density,activity frequency and evenness index among different seasons(P>0.05),but there was significant differences in diversity index(P<0.05).The highest species number was found in spring,diversity index and evenness index were the highest in spring and autumn,density and activity frequency were the highest in summer and winter,the highest similarity coefficient in spring and summer.Therefore,according to the characteristic and airport habitat,and 29 kinds of birds threatening the airport,a bird control strategy can be proposed.