1950年新《婚姻法》的推行及其影响——基于天津市的考察

Implementation and Influence of the New Marriage Law of 1950 in Tianjin

重视和保障妇女权益、实现男女平等和妇女解放是中国共产党一以贯之的优良传统。中华人民共和国成立,妇女运动从阶级解放走向社会解放。《中华人民共和国婚姻法》的颁布是新中国建立初期妇女解放的重要举措,带来了妇女婚姻家庭的巨大变化。天津较早颁布并大力推行新《婚姻法》,尤其是轰轰烈烈的贯彻《婚姻法》运动,对天津妇女的婚姻家庭产生了巨大影响。以天津市档案馆馆藏档案、《天津日报》等资料为基础,对此问题作一系统的实证研究。新《婚姻法》促进男女平等、婚姻自由等新式婚姻家庭观念逐渐确立,促进婚姻制度变革和社会主义新妇女的形成,妇女解放达到一个新的高度。这对当今《婚姻法》的完善及妇女问题的解决都有借鉴意义。

It is a fine tradition of the Communist Party of China to emphasize women’s rights,gender equality,and women’s liberation.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,women’s movements developed from the class emancipation into social liberation.Being enacted at the beginning of new China,The Marriage Law of the People’s Republic of China was a significant action for women’s emancipation;and it brought a great influence on women’s marriage and family.Tianjin is a city where the new Marriage Law was enacted relatively earlier in China.In particular,the movement for enacting the Law impacted on women’s marriage in Tianjin.Based on the documents of Tianjin Municipal Archives and Tianjin Daily,this study examines the influence of the Law in Tianjin.The New Marriage Law contributed to gender equality,the freedom of marriage,and the establishment of new values of marriage and family;it also promoted the reform of the institution of marriage and the development of new socialist society and new women.At that time,women’s emancipation reached a new height.It could be a significant reference for the perfection of The Marriage Law today and the solution of women’s issues.