基于超效率SBM-Malmquist的基础设施建设效率分析

Assessment of Construction Efficiency of Urban Public Facilities at Prefectural Level in China Based on Super Efficiency SBM-Malmquist Approach

采用超效率SBM-Malmquist指数法和探索性空间数据分析等,分析2008年、2012年和2016年中国285个地级市的基础设施建设效率。结果表明:地级市基础设施建设效率总体水平较高,但地区差异明显,东莞、上海和深圳等市的效率最优,晋中、永州等的效率最差,呈现出东部>西部>中部,直辖市>省会及副省级城市>地级市,超大>特大>大>小>中等城市的格局;同时表现出较弱的空间集聚关联性,呈现出与经济发展呈正相关的"东热西冷"的空间分布格局;此外,基础设施建设TFP值总体表现出上升趋势,年均增长7.1%,是技术进步的单轨驱动模式,各地市基础设施建设效率变动存在差异,全要素生产率的梯度和集聚性较为明显。针对基础建设效率的差异等,文章最后给出了相应建议。

By using super-efficient SBM-Malmquist index method and exploratory spatial data analysis, this paper analyses the infrastructure construction efficiency of 285 prefecture-level cities or above in China on 2008, 2012 and2016. Research shows that: during the research period, the level of infrastructure construction efficiency is relatively high. However, the difference between cities is still large. Dongguan, Shanghai and Shenzhen are significantly superior to the other city;Yongzhou and Jinzhong are the lowest. What’s more, it shows a pattern of Eastern >Western > Central, municipality directly under the Central Government > provincial capital and sub-provincial cities> prefecture-level cities, super large > exceptionally large > large > small > medium-sized cities. The efficiency of infrastructure construction shows significant global positive correlation, but the correlation of spatial agglomeration is weaker. In space, it presents the distribution pattern of 'hot east and cold west'. The efficiency of infrastructure construction is positively related to economic development. In addition, the TFP value of infrastructure construction shows an overall upward trend, with an average annual growth of 7.1%, which is the monorail driving mode of technological progress. Infrastructure construction efficiency varies from city to city, and the gradient and agglomeration of TFP are obvious. In view of the differences in infrastructure efficiency, some suggestions are put forward at the end of the article.