数字市场中平台限制竞争行为规制的研究——以我国颁布的《电子商务法》为背景

Research of Regulating Platforms' Anticompetitions in the Digital Markets——Based on the background of issuing E-Commerce Law of the People's Republic of China

近年来以平台为核心的电子商务市场出现的法律问题,越发地受到人们的指责和关注,究其原因在于电子商务的兴起,不仅激活了世界的创新和经济的发展,而且使平台限制竞争的行为出于监管的边缘,给社会总体福利抹上了灰色的阴影。虽然电子商务有效地是零售竞争的问题,正在运营中的动态明显地不同于比较传统的零售市场。其显著特点包括主要的平台跨不同行业进行交易行为的出现、更大的透明性、收集和使用数据的剧增的重要性、算法竞争机制的使用。电子商务的增长有潜力增加零售市场的竞争、极大提高消费者的选择和促进产品经销的创新。然而,某种动态竞争也促进了企业经营者的限制竞争的协同行为和单边行为。广泛地考虑电子商务市场内潜在竞争法的关注,其焦点特别集中在纵向限制和滥用市场支配地位上。根据国内外电子商务的实际情况,提出平台限制竞争的行为规制措施,可以超出竞争法的视域,采取特殊行业、消费者保护、数据隐私为标准的规制方法。

The emerging law problems within e-commerce markets at the core of platforms are increasingly condemed and concerned.Its reasons lie in the fact that the rising ecommerce not only stimulates world innovation and economic development,but also makes restraint conpetition of platforms on the verge of regulation,covering social total welfare with gray shadow.Although e-commerce is effectively a question of retailcompetition,the dynamics at play differ significantly from more traditional brick-andmortar retail markets.Notable features include the emergence of leading online platformoperators which conduct business across multiple product segments,greater transparency,the increasing importance of data collection and exploitation,and the use of algorithmic competition mechanisms.The growth of e-commerce has the potential toincrease competition within retail markets,to greatly enhance consumer choice,and to prompt and facilitate innovation in product distribution.Yet certain dynamics may also prompt or facilitate anticompetitive coordinated and unilateral conduct by economic operators.This background paper provides a wideranging consideration of potential competition law concerns within e-commerce markets.It focuses,in particular,on vertical restraints and abusive dominant conduct.The paper concludeswith an examination of possible regulatory solutions beyond the realm of competitionlaw,encompassing sector-specific,consumer protection and data privacy oriented approaches.