生态环境损害赔偿中的利益代表机制研究——以社会公共利益与国家利益为分析工具

Study on the Representative Mechanism of Interests under the Compensation for Ecological and Environmental Damage——Taking national interest and public interest as the analytical tools

生态环境损害赔偿涉及国家利益与社会公共利益,两种利益在理论和立法实践上既具一定可分性,同时也相互交织、存在耦合。目前,我国生态环境损害赔偿制度改革已经进入全国试行阶段,应当明确生态环境损害的利益代表主体是以国务院授权的省、市人民政府为主,符合条件的社会组织和其他法定机关为辅的模式。而政府作为此领域的主要利益代表是基于自然资源国家所有权以及其不可替代的"元治理"角色。在利益代表机制的具体建构上,须健全完善以政府为主导的民事磋商与诉讼救济渠道,引入社会组织与检察机关以补充、监督的角色定位参与其中,并合理设计相关机制间的程序性衔接,妥善处理生态环境损害赔偿制度与已有公益诉讼等相关制度之间的功能重叠问题。

Compensation for EED involves national interest and public interest.The two interests are separable and intertwined in both theory and legislative practice.At present,China's EED reform has entered the national trial stage.It should be emphasized that the chief interest subjects of the EED are the provincial and municipal governments authorized by the State Council,and the qualified social organizations and other statutory bodies are supplemented.Taking the governments as the main interest representatives is based on the state ownership of natural resources and its irreplaceable“meta-governance”role.To establish the interest representation mechanism in this area,it is necessary to build the negotiation model between the government and PRPs,and lawsuit relief channels,introduce social organizations and procuratorate as the complement and supervisor,rationally design the procedural connection between relevant mechanisms,and properly handle the overlapping of functions between the compensation system for EED and related public interest litigation.