调判分离还是调判结合:再论法院调解的中国图景——为“调判结合”辩护

Mediation Separated from Judgment or Combined with Judgment: On the Chinese Picture of Court Mediation——Defend for “combining mediation with judgment”

中国民事诉讼'调判结合'的程序混合结构长期饱受批判,主流观点以西方法理为据,将调解与判决置于非此即彼的二元对立位置,主张'调审分离'、纯化审判。然而,中国法院调解与晚近兴起的西方法院调解制度存在根本差异,二者在兴起原因、程序性质、实践效果等方面均存在根本差异。'调判结合'契合我国司法现实国情,体现'实用道德主义'或'实用理性'的传统司法理念。'调解人不能同时兼任审判法官'并非颠扑不破的金科玉律,'调审分离'所恪守的程序正义至上理念是一种旁观者的形式正义,忽视了当事人本位的程序利益,忽视了法院调解的实践逻辑。从纠纷解决实效性的制度效益来看,调解与判决有机结合,也许才是中国法院调解的现代性精髓。民事诉讼程序不应当盲目移植西方诉讼上和解,而应在坚持和发扬传统价值的基础上进行自我完善,增强其规范性,实现调审关系的动态均衡。

For a long time,'combining mediation with judgment'has been fiercely criticized.The majority opinion assert that mediation should be Separated from trial and civil trial should be pureed according to the Western ideology.However,China’s court mediation Significantly different from Recently promoted western court mediation.There are fundamental differences in the reasons for the rise,the nature of procedures,and the effects of practice and so on between China’s court mediation and the Western’s.China’s civil trial structure of'combining mediation with judgment'Conforms to China’s judicial reality,embodies the pragmatic moralism or practical reason of traditional Judicial thinking.'A mediator cannot serve concurrently as a trial judge'is not an absolutely principle.The procedural justice rooted in the separation of mediation and trial is bystander’s formal justice,which ignores the party’s procedural intrest and the practical logic of court mediation.From the perspective of rationality and effectiveness of settling disputes properly,the organic combination of mediation and judgment in civil trial may be the essence of China’s modern court mediation.China’s court mediation should not be replaced by Western settlement,but should improve itself on the basis of preserving their value,and thus maintain dynamic balance between the mediation and judgment.