棉田套作冬绿肥促进棉花增产的机理研究

The Study of Winter Green Manure on Cotton Production and Soil Fertility

为了研究华北地区棉田种植越冬绿肥对土壤肥力及棉花生长的影响,利用棉田冬季空闲的时间和空间,秋季套种冬绿肥作物二月兰和毛叶苕子,翌年4月中旬种植棉花时结合整地翻压还田作肥料。结果表明,种植翻压绿肥3年后,耕层0~20 cm土壤真菌、细菌、放线菌数量均有大幅度增加,土壤转化酶活性都有较大提高;土壤有机质由8.65~8.74 g/kg上升到11.08 g/kg以上,作物必需的大量元素N、P、K也有所增加,土壤全N增加44%~50%;速效磷由6.79~7.01 mg/kg增加到12.80 mg/kg以上;速效钾增加6.04%以上;棉花叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)明显增加;成桃数显著高于不翻压绿肥处理;籽棉产量增加7.03%~7.68%。棉田套种绿肥并翻压还田不仅提升了土壤肥力,而且增加了棉花产量,具有重要的推广应用价值。

In order to study the effect of planting winter green manure on soil fertility and cotton growth,using free time and interspace of winter free farmland in Northern China plain,two green manure varieties of vetch and Orychophragmus violaceus were planted before winter and then returned to the field before cotton sowing in the following spring. Three years later,the results showed that the top 0- 20 cm soil fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes had a greatly increasing,soil invertase activity in 0- 20 cm top soil also had a greatly increasing; Soil organic matter was increased from 8. 65- 8. 74 g / kg to 11. 08 g / kg,the content of soil total N was increased by 44%- 50%; the content of Olsen-P was increased from 6. 79- 7. 01 mg / kg to 12. 80 mg / kg; and the content of available K was increased by 6. 04%; The cotton boll number of green manure treatment was significantly higher than that without green manure and the seed cotton yield was increased by 7. 03%- 7. 68%. Cotton interplanting green manure not only could enhance the soil fertility,and increase the yield of cotton,which has the important application value.