龙眼葡萄果实性状及相关性分析

Analysis on Fruit Characters and Correlation of Longyan Grape

为研究龙眼葡萄的果实性状特征,通过连续3年对龙眼葡萄的果粒重、果粒大小(果粒纵径、横径、果型指数、体积)、种籽数、种籽重和含糖量观测分析,结果表明,这些性状指标在不同年份间存在一定的差异,以2004年单果均重最大,2003年单果重变异系数最大。龙眼葡萄的果型为椭圆形或圆形,是完全种籽的果实类型,含2~3粒种籽的果实占大多数,其比例分别为69.4%,83.4%,82.3%。对2年的葡萄果粒含糖量分析发现,葡萄果粒的平均含糖量分别为16.03%,15.89%,含糖量在14%以上的分布频率分别占83.42%,82.29%。龙眼葡萄果实各品质指标之间存在着一定的相关性,单果重、种籽数、种籽重、果粒纵径、果粒横径和体积等性状间呈极显著正相关;果型指数与单果重及含糖量相关性不显著,表明龙眼葡萄果实的形态对果粒的重量和含糖量没有影响。果型指数与种籽数或种籽重呈极显著或显著负相关,说明果实的形态对种籽的个数及单果重有影响,推测椭圆形果粒的种籽个数及单果重小,而圆形果粒种籽个数及质量要多。含糖量与其他性状的相关性在不同年间有差异,2004年含糖量与单果重、果粒纵径存在弱相关性,2005年含糖量与种籽数存在弱相关性。果穗不同部位的果实在形态上和种籽含量上存在一定的差异,基部的果型指数最大,含糖量最高,种籽数及种籽重最小,尖部则反之。

In order to study the characters of the fruit of Lonyan grape,with three consecutive years of observa-tion and analysis on the berry weight,berry size(berry vertical diameter,berry transverse diameter,fruit shape index and volume),seed number,seed weight and sugar content of Longyan grape,it was found that these character inde-xes had a certain difference between different years;the average value of single berry weight was maximum in 2004 and the variation coefficient of single fruit weight was maximum in 2003.The fruit shape of Longyan grape was ellip-tical and round,which was a type of fruit with complete seeds;the single berry of Longyan grape most contains 2 to 3 seeds,and its proportion was respectively 69.4%,83.4% and 82.3%.Through two years of analysis on the grape grain sugar content,it was found that the average grape berry sugar content was respectively 16.03% and 15.89%, and the distribution frequency of the content of sugar more than 14% respectively occupied 83.42% and 82.29%. There was a certain correlation on various fruit quality indexes of Longyan grape,and there was a very significantly positive correlation on single berry weight,seed number,seed weight,berry vertical diameter,berry transverse diam-eter,volume and other characters;the fruit shape index was uncorrelated to the berry weight and sugar content, which showed that the fruit morphology of Longyan grape had no influence on the weight and sugar content of the berry.There was a very significantly or significantly negative correlation on fruit shape index,seed number and seed weight,which showed that the fruit morphology had influence on the seed number and weight;through deduction,the seed number and weight of the elliptical fruit grain were small and the seed number and weight of the round fruit grain were large.The correlation on the sugar content and other characters had a certain difference between different years;there was weak correlation on sugar content,berry weight and berry vertical diameter in 2004 and there was weak correlation between sugar content and seed number in 2005.The fruit of different parts of grape cluster had a certain difference in the morphology and seed content;the base had maximum fruit shape index,highest sugar con-tent and minimum seed number and seed weight.The tip had minimum fruit shape index,lowest sugar content and maximum seed number and seed weight.