聚磷酸铵水溶肥对设施番茄产量、品质、氮素吸收及利用的影响

Effects of Soluble Ammonium Polyphosphate Fertilizer on Yield,Quality,Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen Utilization of Tomato in a Plastic Greenhouse

为明确新型肥料聚磷酸铵水溶肥对设施番茄适宜的施用量,采用田间小区试验,研究了聚磷酸铵水溶肥施氮量对秋冬季设施番茄产量、品质、氮素吸收与分配、土壤氮素平衡及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,番茄产量与施氮量呈二次多项式关系,施氮量为137.8 kg/hm^2时产量最高;施氮量在0~116 kg/hm^2时,随着施氮量的增加单果重增加,当施氮量超过116 kg/hm^2时,单果重随着施氮量的增加反而呈下降趋势。番茄品质的各个指标均表现出随施氮量的增加先增加后降低的趋势,得到适宜施氮量为116 kg/hm^2。各个不同施氮量处理之间番茄根和茎的氮吸收量差异不显著;番茄叶、果实和全株的氮吸收量随施氮量的增加先增加后降低,呈二次多项式关系,经拟合,获得番茄果实和全株氮吸收量适宜的施氮量分别为71.39~84.39 kg/hm^2。氮肥利用率最高的施氮量为116 kg/hm^2,该处理的氮素表观损失为113.75 kg/hm^2。综合分析,该试验条件下,秋冬季设施番茄产量为41 t/hm^2时,聚磷酸铵水溶肥的适宜施氮量是116 kg/hm^2,其氮肥利用率为27.6%。

To clarify the suitable application rate of the soluble ammonium polyphosphate fertilizer for tomato, the nitrogen(N) rates of soluble ammonium polyphosphate fertilizer on yield,quality,N uptake and distribution,N balance and N utilization efficiency of autumn-winter tomato were studied in a plastic greenhouse.The results showed that the yield of tomato was the highest at 137.8 kg/ha and the fruit weight was the highest at 116 kg /ha. The most appropriate N rate for tomato quality was 116 kg/ha.As the N uptake of tomato roots and stems,the differ-ence between treatments was not significant;the most appropriate nitrogen rate for tomato fruit and whole-plant were 71.39,84.39 kg/ha respectively.The nitrogen utilization efficiency(NUE) was higher than other treatments at 116 kg/ha.For this treatment,the apparent loss of nitrogen was 113.75 kg/ha.In summary,the most appropriate nitrogen rate for a higher autumn-winter tomato yield was at 116 kg/ha and the NUE was 27.6% under this soil fertility.