鸡粪和猪粪对小麦生长及土壤重金属累积的影响

Effects of Application of Chicken Manure and Pig Manure on the Growth of Wheat and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soil

针对畜禽粪便有机肥过量施用可能对环境造成潜在的风险,采用盆栽试验开展了重金属含量相对较高的2种有机肥鸡粪和猪粪施用对小麦生长及土壤重金属积累的影响研究。结果表明,低量有机肥处理小麦秸秆和籽粒的干质量明显低于化肥处理,而中高量有机肥处理与化肥处理差异不显著。随着鸡粪用量的增加,土壤Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、Cd含量均有明显增加。随着猪粪用量的增加,土壤Cu、Zn、Cd含量均有明显增加。所有处理土壤重金属含量均未超过国家二级土壤标准(GB15618-1995)。与化肥处理相比,施用鸡粪60,90 t/hm2的处理显著增加土壤Cu含量,分别增加16.70%,18.61%。施用鸡粪为15~150 t/hm2的处理土壤Zn、Cr含量均显著增加,增幅分别为33.86%~326.45%和9.43%~31.65%。施用鸡粪为90,150 t/hm2的处理土壤Pb和Cd含量均显著增加,土壤Pb分别增加19.41%,22.91%,土壤Cd分别增加30.83%,50.49%。施用猪粪45~150 t/hm2的处理土壤Cu和Zn含量均显著增加,增幅分别为19.67%~61.53%和7.78%~32.68%。施用猪粪150 t/hm2土壤Cd含量显著增加,为50.43%。参照食品安全国家标准(GB2762-2012)规定的食品中污染物Cd和Cr限量,所有施肥处理小麦籽粒样品均未超标。

Excessive application of organic manure could result in potential threat to environment.The pot ex-periment was carried out to study the effects of the application of chicken manure and pig manure to soils with rela-tively high heavy metal content on the growth of wheat and the accumulation of heavy metal in soil.The results showed that with the increasing of chicken manure,soil Cu,Zn,Cr,Pb,Cd increased obviously.With the increasing of the amount of pig manure,soil Cu,Zn,Cd increased obviously.The soil heavy metals contents of all the treatment did not exceed the Chinese Soil Environmental Quality Standard Ⅱ(GB15618-1995).Compared with the treatment of chemical fertilizer,chicken manure of 60,90 t/ha significantly increased soil Cu content,was 16.70% and 18.61%,respectively.The soil Zn,Cr content for the treatment of chicken manure (15 -150 t/ha) increased sig-nificantly,varied from 33.86% -326.45% and 9.43% -31.65%,respectively.For the treatments of chicken ma-nure of 90,150 t/ha,soil Pb and Cd content increased significantly.The soil Pb content increased 19.41% and 22.91%,respectively.The soil Cd content increased 30.83% and 50.49%,respectively.The soil Cu and Zn for 45 -150 t/ha pig manure treatments increased,varied from 19.67% -61.53% and 7.78% -32.68%,significantly. Pig manure of 150 t /ha significantly increased the soil Cd content,was 50.43%.The heavy metal contents in wheat grain sample of all the fertilization application treatment were lower than the National Food Hygiene Standards (GB2762-2012).