草酸青霉菌HB1活化土壤磷及改善土壤生物学性状研究

Study on Mobilization of Soil Phosphorus and Improvement of Soil Biological Properties by Penicillium oxalicum HB1

为了进一步明确草酸青霉菌HB1的溶磷能力及其对土壤生物学特性的影响,采用土壤培养试验与白菜培养试验的方法,研究了添加HB1、秸秆、秸秆+HB1对白菜的促生效应,及其对土壤pH、土壤速效磷、活化土壤磷的能力、相关土壤酶活性和微生物数量等的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,HB1处理的白菜幼苗鲜质量和白菜磷的累积量增加了21. 61%,81. 64%,而秸秆+HB1处理则有所降低,说明HB1对白菜的促生效应和溶解土壤磷的能力在秸秆还田的情况下一定程度上受到抑制;在土壤培养试验中,与对照相比,HB1处理的土壤碱性磷酸酶和纤维素酶活性分别提高了10. 62%和56. 41%,细菌、真菌的有效活菌数分别提高了108. 75%,96. 45%;在白菜培养试验中,HB1处理的细菌和真菌的有效活菌数也分别比对照提高了27. 48%,33. 02%,说明施用HB1改善了土壤的生物学性状。综上所述,草酸青霉菌HB1能有效溶解土壤中难溶性磷,增强白菜对土壤磷的吸收利用,改善土壤的生物学性状,而在秸秆还田的条件下HB1的促生效应及溶磷能力受到了一定程度的抑制。因此,在秸秆还田的情况下施用草酸青霉菌HB1要考虑秸秆腐解对其促生效应和溶磷能力的抑制效应。可为HB1菌在农业中的科学应用提供理论依据。

In order to further clarify the phosphate solubilizing ability of Penicillium oxalicum HB1 and its effects on soil biological characteristics,soil incubation experiment and Chinese cabbage soil pot experiment were conducted to investigate the effects of different treatments as HB1,straw and straw + HB1 on the plant growth,soil pH,soil available P,mobilization of soil P,soil enzyme activities and the numbers of soil microorganisms. The results showed that the fresh weight and P accumulation amount of Chinese cabbage were increased by 21. 61% and81. 64% in HB1 treatment,while decreased in straw + HB1 treatment. This indicated that the growth promotion effects and the phosphorus dissolving ability of HB1 were inhibited in the situation of straw amendments partly. In soil incubation experiment,compared with the control,the soil alkaline phosphatase activities and cellulase activities in HB1 treatment were increased by 10. 62% and 56. 41%,respectively and the number of bacteria and fungus were increased by 108. 75% and 96. 45% in the same treatment,respectively. Moreover,the numbers of bacteria and fungus in HB1 treatment of Chinese cabbage soil pot experiment were increased by 27. 48% and 33. 02%,respectively,which implied that HB1 improved the soil biological properties. In conclusion,Penicillium oxalicum HB1 could mobilize soil insoluble phosphorus efficiently,promoting P uptake by Chinese cabbage,and improve soil biological properties. However,the efficiency of growth promotion and soil phosphorus mobilization of Penicillium oxalicum HB1 could be inhibited on the condition of wheat straw returning partly,which should be considered in the straw returning fields. The study could provide theoretical basis for applications of HB1 in agriculture.