武汉市汉南区甜玉米测土配方施肥指标体系的建立

Analysis of Soil Nutrient and Establish of Fertilization Recommendation Index of Sweet Corn in Hannan District of Wuhan City

为了对甜玉米进行科学施肥,2009～2011年,对甜玉米种植区pH、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾进行了普查,同时依托12个"3414"试验建立了土壤磷钾养分丰缺指标和肥料施用指标体系,进而建立了磷钾肥推荐施肥分区图。结果表明,汉南区甜玉米种植区土壤肥力偏低,pH中性偏碱,有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾均偏低。速效磷极低、低、中等、高的范围分别为3 mg/kg以下,3～9 mg/kg、9～17 mg/kg、17mg/kg以上,相应的推荐施肥(P2O5)为120、90、70及30 kg/hm2,北部推荐施肥以70 kg/hm2为主,南部以90 kg/hm2为主。速效钾极低、低、中等、高范围分别为90 mg/kg以下、90～130 mg/kg、130～190 mg/kg、190mg/kg以上,相应的推荐施肥(K2O)为120、70、40及10 kg/hm2,西南和东南部推荐施肥以120 kg/hm2为主,其余部分推荐施肥以70 kg/hm2为主。

In order to fertilize effectively the sweet corn of Hannan strict of Wuhan city in Hubei province,the pH and the contents of soil organic matter(OM),alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen(N),available phosphor(P) and available potassium(K) were investigated from 2009 to 2011.Meanwhile,the fertilization recommendation indices of P and K were established based on 12 '3414' experiments.Furthermore,the zone map of recommended P and K fertilization were illustrated.The results showed that the pH of sweet corn zone were neutral to slightly alkaline,OM,alkali-hydrolysis N,available P and available K were low according the classification of soil nutrient.P2O5 were 120,90,70 and 30 kg/hm2 when P fertility were classified as very low,low,medium and high(available P lower than 3,3～9,9～17,higher than 17 mg/kg),respectively.70 and 90 kg/hm2 P2O5 were recommend in the north and south of the sweet corn zone.Correspondingly,K2O were 120,70,40 and 10 kg/hm2 when the available K was lower than 90,90~130,130~190,and higher than 190 mg/kg.Recommended K2O in southwest and southeast of the sweet corn zone were mainly 120 kg/hm2 and that in other place were 70 kg/hm2.