无氧能力检测方法的信效度研究

On the Reliability and the Validity of Anaerobic Capacity Testing Methods

无氧能力在竞技训练与比赛过程中具有重要意义,但对其研究仍然薄弱、局限性强。鉴于此,归纳与梳理了最大氧亏积累测试、最大血乳酸水平测试、运动后过量氧耗测试、临界功率测试与总效率测试等无氧能力评价方法的原理、可靠性及有效性。认为,最大氧亏积累测试、最大血乳酸测试和临界功率测试可以作为定性评价运动员无氧能力的有效方法;运动后过量氧耗受众多因素影响,在评价无氧能力方面存在较大误差;在对运动员无氧能力进行调控时,总效率测试能够表达运动过程中有氧与无氧能量的分配问题,同时该方法考虑了长时间运动过程中能量利用率降低的问题,对于进一步理解疲劳与评价运动节奏是有利的;由于存在个体差异及项目专项性特征,应根据实际情况进行评价,五种测试方法在测试过程中不能交叉使用。

Anaerobic capacity has important significance in sports training and competition,but the theoretical study still has some weakness and limitations.In view of this,this article induces and combs evaluation principles,reliability and validity of anaerobic capacity evaluation,including maximum oxygen deficit accumulation test,maximum blood lactate test,excessive post-exercise oxygen consumption test,gross efficiency and critical power test.It is put forward that the maximum oxygen deficit accumulation test,the maximum blood lactate test and critical power test can be effective methods for the qualitative evaluation of anaerobic capacity of athletes;while excessive post-exercise oxygen consumption is affected by many factors,thus there is a big deviation in the evaluation of anaerobic capacity;when monitoring athletes' anaerobic capacity,the gross efficiency test is capable of expressing the distribution of anaerobic and aerobic energy in the exercise process,this method also takes energy efficiency deduction into account during the long course of exercise,so,this method is advantageous for further understanding fatigue and evaluation of exercise rhythm.Because there are individual differences and sport evens features,it should be evaluated according to the actual situation,the five test methods can not be used interchangeably in the testing process.