粳稻氩离子(Ar^+)束诱变育种的细胞学效应研究

Study of Cytological Effect of Ar^+ Ion Implantation on Japonica Rice Varieties

为了探明氩离子(Ar+)束注入粳稻产生突变的可行性,采用能量为30 keV,注入单位为2.6×1013Al+/cm2,系数为2 000,2 400,2 800,3000,3 200,3 600,6个不同剂量的Ar+束注入吉农大13、吉农大7、秋田小町3个粳稻品种(品系),研究了Ar+束注入后3个品种M1代的细胞学效应及细胞总畸变率与出苗率、分蘖成穗率、结实率3个农艺性状总生理损伤的相关性。结果表明:Ar+束注入粳稻种子后,细胞分裂指数受抑制,细胞分裂高峰期推迟,细胞畸变率高于对照,且细胞总畸变率有随剂量增加而增加的趋势。在有丝分裂中出现的主要畸变类型有微核、染色体桥、落后染色体及少数的核出芽。3个品种细胞总畸变率与总生理损伤呈正相关,其中“吉农大13”二者的相关性达极显著水平。

To detect the feasibility of aberration of japonica rice variety after Ar+ ion implantation, three japonica rice varieties (Jinongda 13, Jinongda 7, and Qiutianxiaoding) were implanted with Arf ion of six different doses. Implantation unit is 2.6 × 1013 Ar+ /cm2 , six different dose indexes are 2 000,2 400, 2 800,3 000,3 200 and 3 600, and adopted energy is 30 keV. The correlation between cytological effect & total cell aberration rate and total physiological damage to seedling emergence rate, effective tillering and panicle-initiating rate, and panicle-maturing rate of M1 generation were studied. The results showed that cytological effect of three strains were significant with Ar+ ion implantation. Mitotic indices were inhibited and mitotic peak was delayed. Cell aberration rate was higher than of the control, and the rate increased with the increase of dosage. Types of mitotic aberration included micronucleus, chromosome bridge, lagging chromosome and a few nuclear budding. The results of correlation analysis of cell aberration rate and total physiological damage of the three varieties were positive, and that of 'Nongdal3' was significant.