国外工作场所非正式学习的研究回顾与前瞻

Review on the Informal Learning in Workplace Abroad

随着非正式学习的重要性日益受到认可,工作场所学习领域对于非正式学习的研究与日俱增:研究主题逐步从理论探讨走向实践研究,即从概念辨析、理论模型设计到影响因素的实证研究、促进学习的技术实现等实践方向发展;研究对象日益多样化,聚焦的工作场所逐步从企业拓展至学校、医院等,研究对象也覆盖人力资源开发专业人员、企业主管/员工、教师、医务工作者、银行职员、社会工作者等;研究视角受到传统知识观向实践知识观的转变,从关注个体同时也从个体行为导向的视角,到关注个体与情境之间的交互,再到更广的社会-历史-文化视角;研究方法既有聚焦影响因素研究的量性研究,也有聚焦学习机制研究的质性研究。今后,工作场所非正式学习的研究需要进一步关注从经验中学习、非正式学习与正式学习之间的关系、虚拟空间的非正式学习、非正式学习的激发与支持、基于团队或组织视角的工作场所非正式学习研究等主题。

With the recognition ofthe importance of informal learning,studies on the informal learning in workplace have been growing. The research topic gradually changes from the conception study to the theoretical model designation,and to the influence factors of the empirical research,and now it directs to promote the technology learning practice. The research objects are becoming more and more diversified,expanding from the enterprise to schools,hospitals,including the human resource development professionals,business executives/staff,teachers,health workers,the bank clerk,and social workers. Research perspectives transferred from the concepts of traditional knowledge to practical knowledge view,focusing on individual behavior orientation,the interaction between the individual and situation,and then the broader social-historic and cultural perspective.Methods both focused on quantitative study on the factors affecting learning and qualitative study on the learning mechanism. In the future,research on the informal learning in workplace will need to be further focused on learning from experience,the relationship between the informal learning and formal learning,informal learning in virtual space,the inspiration and support of informal learning,and the team or organization's informal learning research in workplace.