我国现行船舶所有权变动二元立法模式下的若干问题浅析——兼评《买卖合同司法解释》第10条

Analysis on several issues of transference of the ownership of ships under China’s binary legislative mode

我国船舶所有权变动采用所有权转移依债权形式主义、登记对抗的意思主义的二元立法模式。这种折衷体现了《海商法》对保护交易效率的立法价值取向,但在实践中暴露出船舶登记簿公信力的缺失。然而,如果完全以登记生效的形式主义重构我国船舶所有权变动制度,交易效率却无从保障。从保护效率的立法价值来看,二元模式无法轻易被彻底的形式主义取代。为维护自身交易安全,买受人应尽谨慎义务,尽快缩小取得所有权与对抗效力的时间差。

China’s legislative mode of the transference of the ownership of ships is binary,of which the transference of the ownership of ships belongs to creditors’formalism while the registration resistance system is under meaning doctrine.This eclectic mode lead to the absence of the public trust on the Register of Ships,neither could it maintain transaction security.However,the transaction efficiency would not be guaranteed if the existing legislative mode is replaced thoroughly by creditors’formalism which is characterized by registration effectiveness regime.Pursuant to the principle ofthe protection of transaction efficiency,the current binary legislative mode would not be replaced.Thus,in order to protect the transaction security,the buyers are strongly recommended to exercise due diligence to narrow the time difference between obtaining the ship title and countermining effectiveness.