技术权力影响下重工业集群创新路径研究——以上海临港装备制造集群为例

Innovation Paths of Heavy Industry Cluster under the Influence of Technology Authority:A Case of Shanghai Lin'gang Equipment Manufacturing Cluster

技术权力现象在重工业集群中十分常见。从集群内部权力分层视角出发,以上海临港装备制造集群为研究对象,采用结构方程模型分析方法,研究基于技术权力影响的重工业集群创新结网、创新合作方式与创新区位选择问题,其分析结果表明:技术权力是影响重工业集群创新路径的重要因素,核心企业是权力主导者并对整个集群的创新具有"绝对控制力";权力导致集群内部水平式创新结网困难,集群成员的创新合作沿产业链展开,过程创新重于产品创新、供应商依赖重于市场依赖;优化创新区位对改善集群权力分层和创新结网作用甚微,重工业的"集群式"建设方式需得到反思;创新结网作为重要的中介因素是突破技术权力体系的有效途径,但其突破点仍在于制造环节的高效整合。因此,以嵌入生产链的方式嵌入价值链和创新链,重视过程升级,形成制造创新优势;转变传统集群建设思路,降低对集群创新外部性的依赖,重视制造创新区位优化,避免对区域市场和政策的高度依附;重视创新结网的重要中介作用,形成供应商之间多生产环节的技术合作,将有助于优化中国重工业集群创新路径和推动其创新升级。

Technology authority is a common phenomenon in heavy industry cluster. Taking a case of Shanghai Lin ’ gang equipment manufacturing cluster from the perspective of technology hierarchy and using structural equation model,this thesis analyzes the networking,cooperation and location of innovation under technology authority. Theoretical and empirical research reveals: technology authority is an important factor affecting heavy industry cluster innovation path,and the core firm has the absolute controlling force;the authority cause difficulties in innovation networking,and cluster members cooperate along industry chain,focus more on process innovation than product innovation,and depend on suppliers more than the market;to improve innovation location has no effect on alleviating technology hierarchy,so we should rethink the cluster mode innovation;innovation networking as an important intermediary factor is an effective way to break the technology authority,and the key lies in the efficient integration in manufacturing sector. In order to optimize China’s heavy industry cluster innovation and accelerate its innovation upgrading,we should embed in a value chain and an innovation chain by embedding in a production chain through process upgrading to create innovation trends;we need to change the old way of cluster building,reducing the dependence on cluster innovation externalities and focusing on the optimization of manufacturing innovation position to avoid too much dependence on local markets and policies;we should also form a multi-vendor and multi-segment linkage by innovation networking.