晚清新疆义学建设的历史考察——以吐鲁番为中心

The Construction of Charity Schools during Late Qing Dynasty:the Case of Turpan

晚清新疆义学建设是与新疆建省、地方改行州县制度相配套的措施之一,在此情况下,吐鲁番相继设立了八所义塾。待义学开办十余年后,魏光焘提出在南疆设立总义塾的改革计划,但其效果并不如各地的散塾,因而吐鲁番设立总义塾的建议被否决。清末百日维新与新政的推行以及甲午战败所导致的教育政策变更与教育经费紧张,最终使包括吐鲁番在内的省城附近的义学终于在光绪末几年被裁改,新疆义学也走向了历史的尽头。

Based on the newly published documentation,this article discusses the construction of charity schools in Late Qing Dynasty,taking the example of Turpan.In order to support the estab-lishment of Xinjiang province,Turpan built eight charity schools attended by a great proportion of Uygur students.Ten years after the charity schools were opened,Wei Guangtao proposed an initia-tive to establish a central charity school in southern Xingjiang,which turned out a lower-perform-ance school compared to the local ones.Consequently,there were no more such central schools built in Turpan.Driven by the Hundred-Day Reform,New Deal and China’s defeat in Sino-Japanese War,there were great changes in China’s education policies and educational fund shortage.During late Guangxu period,the charity schools were Finally closed,and Xinjiang’s charity schools came to its end.