美国联邦政府高等教育财政资助形态的历史发展与生态型完善

Development and Ecological Improvement of Higher Education Financial Assistance in U.S.Federal Government

美国是世界高等教育强国,联邦政府的财政资助已经成为美国现代大学发展的最主要外部推动力量,并引领其健康发展。美国联邦政府的经验值得研究与借鉴。受不同历史时期政治经济状况,以及社会发展思潮的影响,美国联邦政府高等教育财政资助形态经历了"社会放任型、行政干预加强型、市场分权主导型"等阶段,最终实现了健全法律保障下,政府与市场相融合的联邦政府高等教育财政资助生态型形态。

America is a great nation in higher education.Its federal financial assistance has been the strongest external driving force in the development of modern American universities,promoting a healthy development.Lessons can be learnt from the experience of U.S.federal government.Influ-enced by different politics,economies and social development ideas,American federal financial assis-tance has experienced several stages,including social laissez-faire,strengthened administrative inter-vention and market decentralization”.Based on the data analysis,this paper discusses how U.S.fed-eral government has implemented its financial aid for higher education.It concludes that with sound legal protection in place,the federal financial assistance is now featured by its ecological morphology through the integration of government and market.