康有为民族复兴思想析论

Exploration of KANG Youwei's Thought of Chinese National Rejuvenation

清季民初,中华民族复兴成为一种普遍思潮。康有为作为晚清维新派领袖,在中华民族认同、建设现代国家、实现民族复兴等方面作出了积极的探索。在民族复兴之主体方面,他率先建议使用"中华国"国号与"华族"族名,倡导满汉一体,开创了中华符号认同之先声,开启了建构现代中华民族共同体意识之先河;在民族复兴之内涵方面,他指出中华民族曾经有过辉煌,近代以来虽陷于濒临亡国灭种的境地,但必将重新振兴成为世界强国;在民族复兴之途径方面,他提出以变法、开放、创新振兴中华民族,以"新中国"相号召探索建设现代国家,以"物质救国"相号召构建中国工业现代化的蓝图,以"奖励创新"建言实施科教兴国,以"复原孔教"相号召展开文化复兴构想。康有为的民族复兴思想影响重大,但其保皇的政治立场和对民族复兴过于乐观的期望也表现出明显的历史局限性。

Kang Youwei advocated to preserve our country,devoted himself to a modernized national state and proposed to adopt the title of'the Republic of China'.Kang also advocated to shelter Chinese breeds,and he used the word'nation'very early in time to construct modernized national concept.Kang supported no difference between Manchu and Han,used the concept of'nation'and began a mixed concept of integrating all nations together all around China.Kang pointed out those glorious periods in early Qing Dynasty and lamented the situation in which the state and race were almost ruined especially after defeat in the first Sino-Japanese war.Kang expressed his wish to revitalize Chinese nation and to exceed western powers.He profoundly revealed that adhering to past practices,carrying out closed-door policy and carrying on old rules would definitely lead to backward eventually ruin the state and race,instead,revolution,opening-up and innovation would be the only way of Chinese nation’s rejuvenation.He proposed monarchical reform,elite promotion and buoyed Chinese people to realize no difference between the government and the ordinary,to transform the weak into the strong and to revitalize the Chinese nation.He also proposed to transform Chinese policy to strengthen ourselves,to train the troops to strengthen the nation,to enrich the country and afford the people,to supplement materials to save the country,and to restore Confucianism to generally promote national power and influence.