华北灌溉区秸秆焚烧与直接还田生态效应研究

Study on the ecological effect of crop residues burned or incorporated in field in North Central Irrigated Area of China

2年试验研究初步表明,华北灌溉地区夏季麦秸覆盖直接还田较焚烧处理可保持土壤水分,降低土壤温度,有利于玉米的生长发育,作物产量增加。秸秆焚烧初期的土壤速效养分含量(P、K)高于秸秆还田处理,尤其是速效磷含量远高于秸秆还田处理,但至收获时差异不大;秸秆焚烧比秸秆还田处理除草效果好,且可使部分病虫害减轻,但有的病虫害却因秸秆直接还田而加重。

Results from the experiment show that mulching wheat-straw on the soil in summer contributes to preserve soil moisture,lower soil temperature,increase microbe amounts in the surface soil and benefits the growth of the maize and the plot yield.Burning crop residues in field can obviously improve the content of available soil nutrients.Mulching wheat-straw on soil surface can inhibit the emergence of weeds,while burning can kill the seeds of weeds.Not all pests increase and diseases become worse because of the incorporation of crop residues.Plot yield with crop residues burned decreases compared to that of crop residues incorporation.