《周易程氏传》之“中”与“正”——从“道”与“势”、“德”与“位”及君臣关系的角度看

An Interpretation of “Chung” and “Cheng” by Cheng Yi: In Terms of “Dao” and “Authority”,“Morality” and “Position”,and Liege Relationship

"中"与"正"是《周易》中非常重要的范畴。程颐将其政治思想引入易学的诠释之中,建构了一种具有批判精神的内圣外王之学,表现出强烈的忧患意识和人文关怀。本文从"道"与"势"、"德"与"位"、君臣关系三个角度来综合考察《周易程氏传》对"中"与"正"的诠释,由此把握程颐对于重建内圣外王合一及圣君贤相的三代之治所作的努力。

'Chung'and'Cheng'are central concepts throughout Zhouyi. Cheng Yi intertwined his political thoughts throughout his interpretation of Zhouyi,in order to construct a theory of'internal saints and external kings'——a theory with a spirit of criticism,as well as humane concern. This article intends to analyze Cheng Yi's interpretation of'chung'and'cheng'synthetically from three angles,namely'Dao'and'authority','morality'and'position',and lastly,in terms of liege relationship,in order to understand Cheng Yi's efforts towards reestablishment of political order in China's ancient times. The key premises of this political order are the concepts of'internal saints with external kings',and that the monarch should be assisted by virtuous ministers.