农民工随迁子女的教育融合问题、制度障碍及对策研究

改革开放以来,随着中国城镇化、工业化的发展,大量农村剩余劳动力从农村向城镇转移。在此过程中,农民工群体从无到有,目前全国农民工总量约为2.9亿,已经成为一个庞大的社会群体。农民工为中国的经济增长、城镇化发展做出了巨大贡献。回顾农民工的发展历程,其流动与迁移大致可以分为三个阶段:一是"离土不离乡、进厂不进城",以在本地乡镇企业就业为主的就地转移;二是"离土又离乡、进厂又进城",以城市为目的地的异地转移;三是"离土不返乡,进城又留城",以长期在所工作的城市居住为特征,部分农民工举家迁移。在第三个阶段,农民工融入城市的问题更加凸显。以人为本的科学发展观、城乡一体化发展战略的提出为农民工融入城镇化的进程提供了顶层设计和政策导向,一系列制度的改革必将促进农民工融入城市。本专题首先从整体上讨论了中国农民工的贡献与发展,提出了新形势下对中国农民工问题的一些判断,而后从就业、社会保障、子女教育等方面探讨了农民工流迁与融合中的重要问题。

Since the reform and opening up,with the development of urbanization and industrialization in China,a large number of surplus rural labor force has been transferred from rural to urban areas. Migrant workers have made great contributions to China's economic growth and urbanization. Looking back on the development of migrant workers,their mobility and migration can be roughly divided into three stages of "first entering the factory and not entering the city,second entering the factory in the city and third working and living in the city". This topic first discusses the contribution and development of migrant workers in China as a whole,puts forward some judgments on the issue of migrant workers in China under the new situation,and then discusses the important issues in migrant workers' migration and integration from the aspects of employment,social security and children's education.