劳动的先验向度——论海德格尔此在生存论分析对传统劳动概念的深化

The Transcendental Dimension of Labor——The deepening of the traditional conception of Labor by Heidegger's existential analytic of Dasein

海德格尔的实践哲学把古典的先验概念和实践哲学的传统在一个更深刻的基础上结合起来,揭示了实践的先验存在论向度,从而将劳动置于一个全新的视域。此在生存论分析表明,人类制作和使用用具的活动即劳动实践本身包含一种原初存在领会,后者被一种活跃在这一实践中的先天综合结构即世界规定,原初领会由此揭示了存在者的本原存在并构成我们对于存在者的一切经验和知识的源头。因此,此在生存论分析揭示了劳动实践的先验存在论向度,使传统劳动概念得到本质深化。海德格尔晚期的技术批判,实际上也将技术生产对人类劳动的异化置于一种先验存在论视域。海德格尔的上述思想在多方面与马克思的劳动理论存在呼应,将为我们今天对马克思主义实践哲学的创造性发展带来重要的补充和启迪。

Heidegger’s practical philosophy revealed the transcendental dimension of human practice,hence established the concept of labor on a new ground.The existential analysis of Dasein demonstrated that human labor embodies a primordial understanding of being,which is determined by an a priori synthetic structure,namely,the world.The primordial understanding reveals the primeval being of beings,and is the source of any human experience and knowledge.So the existential analytic of Dasein revealed the transcendental ontological dimension of human labor,hence essentially deepened the traditional conception of labor.Correspondently,late Heidegger’s critique of technology virtually placed the alienation of labor in technical times into a transcendental ontological dimension.Heidegger’s above thinking is going to bring important inspiration and complement to the contemporary development of Marxist practical philosophy.