汉代墓室壁画神物形象构建及其文化意蕴

The Construction of the Images of Gods and Their Cultural Implications in the Murals of the Han Dynasty Tombs

中国古代墓室壁画肇兴于西汉早期,盛行于东汉时期。20世纪初至今,出土的汉代墓室壁画已蔚为大观,成为汉代社会文化史和艺术史等研究的重要内容。河南永城芒砀山汉墓壁画《四神图》堪为其中典型代表,它不仅展示了汉代特有的绘画技法和艺术水准,而且揭示了汉代达官贵族对死后极乐世界的虚幻想象。此图中的四种神物(青龙、白虎、朱雀、玄武)形象建构,体现了汉人"天人祥和"、"尊贵威严"的文化意蕴,是另一世界秩序对死者的身份和地位认同的表达。

The murals unearthed from the Han Dynasty tombs in China had become a spectacular and colorful landscape in the field of social and cultural history of the Han Dynasty since the 1940 s.Taking the mural of the Han Tomb of Mangdao Mountain in Yongcheng Henan Province as a typical representative,it not only demonstrated the unique painting techniques and artistic standards in the Han Dynasty,but also revealed the illusion of the noble personages in the Han Dynasty to the post-death world of bliss.The construction of four God images in the mural in the Han tomb were particularly noticeable.These gods were Qinglong,Baihu,Suzaku and Xuanwu.In a word,the construction of various images of gods in the murals of the Han Dynasty’s tombs embodied the cultural connotation of harmony between heaven and man and dignity and dignity of the Han people,as well as the expression of the identity and status of the deceased in another world order.