农村社会子代阶层向上流动对父代社会资本再生产的作用——基于多案例的实证研究

The Upward Mobility of Offspring’s Class and the Reproduction of Father’s Social Capital in Rural Social——Empirical research based on multiple cases

子代阶层向上流动如何影响父代社会资本再生产,关涉社会资本从子代向父代传递的顺畅性和父代社会资本再生产的机制以及地方社会秩序重塑的问题。根据多案例实证研究发现,父代社会资本受子代职业性质及其占有不同类型资源的影响实现了差异化再生产。首先,子代阶层向上流动普遍增加了父代的符号资源,但是在符号资源层面,父代之间存在竞争,尤其体现为面子竞争;其次,子代职业位于体制内的更可能增加父代的关系资源,表现为较强的组织动员力和对他者的吸引力;最后,子代职业位于体制外且占据市场相对优势者更可能增加父代的经济资源。子代阶层向上流动促进父代社会资本再生产需要中间机制作保证,子代回馈机制保证父代社会资本在代际内部的直接再生产与向代际外部的扩展,他者的认可和被吸引保证父代社会资本在代际外部的再生产。父代社会资本再生产还带来了多种实践后果:其一,微观个体层面,增强父代动用社会资本改善个人处境的能力;其二,中观家族或社区层面,提升家族或社区关系网络的互惠和信任水平;其三,宏观地方社会秩序层面,重塑地方关系网络,形成新的圈层结构和引发村庄内部竞争。

How the upward mobility of the offspring class shapes the social capital of the father,which is related to the mechanism and utility of the reproduction of the social capital of the father.According to the theory of social capital and multi-case empirical investigation,it is found that from the overall characteristics,the upward mobility of the offspring has increased the social capital of the father and promoted the reproduction of the social capital of the father.From the practical point of view,the father’s social capital affected by professional nature and gender of the offspring have led to differentiated reproduction.The inside of the institutional system of offspring is more likely to increase the social capital of the father than the outside of the institutional system.In the offspring,men are more likely than women to increase the social capital of the father.From the perspective of construction mechanism,the reproduction of the social capital of the father is influenced by the cultural mechanism of filial piety and the feedback mechanism of the material exchange level.These two mechanisms shape the intergenerational relationship and determine the intergenerational relationship and that network resources is or not transformed into social capital.The reproduction of the social capital of the father transforms the social capital from the micro level to the middle level,and brings about the spillover effect.First,it promotes the authority and face of the father in the family and the community,and secondly,promotes the trust and reciprocity between the father and the others in the family and community.At the same time,the reproduction of the father’s social capital brought about by the upward mobility of the offspring has reshaped the network of local social relations,providing the possibility of potentially forming a new circle structure.