行人步行设施空间疏散特征指标

Spatial characteristics indexes of pedestrian walking facilities for evacuation

为了向步行设施内的疏散行人流提供合理的物理空间布局,研究行人步行设施空间的疏散特征指标.首先,根据步行设施内部空间是否能被行人占据移动,将其划分为行人移动空间与障碍物空间,并利用障碍物空间外缘轮廓线间的最短距离确定行人移动的瓶颈宽度;然后,基于移动瓶颈对行人移动空间的毗邻划分,提出了步行设施行人疏散的移动网络构建方法,将步行设施空间转化为行人疏散的移动网络;基于行人移动距离最短的疏散路径选择策略,将移动网络转化为疏散树;最后,基于疏散树的层和节点及其隶属关系,从空间面积、移动距离、瓶颈宽度、障碍物布局4个角度提出了步行设施空间的疏散特征指标.进而得到评价步行设施空间布局及调整优化障碍物布局的方法,算例分析表明:根据指标对障碍物的布局进行调整,优化了障碍物布局,证明指标在步行设施空间疏散特征分析中的可应用性及有效性.

The method of analyzing the spatial characteristics of pedestrian walking facilities is presented in order to improve the internal spatial layout for pedestrian evacuation. First,the internal room of pedestrian walking facilities is classified into the movement room occupied by pedestrians and the no-walking room occupied by obstacles. The width of movement bottleneck is computed through the layout of movement room and obstacle in walking facilities.Second,the pedestrian movement network of walking facilities is constructed based on the partitioning of movement bottleneck to movement room. Pedestrian evacuation tree is transformed from movement network based on the selection strategy of the shortest path in pedestrian evacuation. Finally, the evaluation indicators of spatial characteristics for pedestrian evacuation are established based on the layers and nodes of evacuation tree from four aspects including room size,walking distance,bottleneck width and spatial layout. The method of evaluating the spatial layout of facilities and adjusting the layout of obstacles is obtained. The case shows thhat the layout of the obstacle adjusted and the layout index optimized. Applicability and validity of the index in spatial evacuation characteristics analysis of pedestrian facilities are proved.