无花果的化学成分、药理作用和临床应用

The chemical composition,pharmacological activity and clinical application of Ficus carica L.

综述了无花果的研究进展,为研究者提供参考。无花果(Ficus carica L.)是桑科榕属的经济植物,因花小,藏于花托内,又名隐花果,天生子,是药食兼优植物。它不仅甜美富营养,又是一味治病的中药,具有健胃清肠、消肿解毒、润肺止咳、清热生津、健脾轻泻等功效。无花果的化学成分主要有多糖、黄酮、酚类化合物、挥发油、花青素等,具有抗肿瘤、提高免疫力、降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、抗炎、抗疲劳等功能,具有极高的医学药用价值和社会价值。无花果中丰富的化学成分,具有广泛的药理作用和显著的临床应用效果,因其显著的抗癌效果,常被称为"21世纪人类健康的守护神"。近年来,有研究报道,无花果植物在抗氧化、抗癌、抗肿瘤、降三高等方面具有特殊作用,现在已有许多医院在肿瘤防治中,重视无花果的临床应用。如今对无花果的研究越来越多,但是科研人员仍在积极寻找,开发高效性的无花果药物,在临床应用中也在不断地尝试将无花果作为主要的抗癌药物使用。通过对无花果的化学成分、药理作用和临床应用研究进展的重点综述得出,目前,对无花果的研发尚不深入,故此研究仍具很大挑战,前景亦广阔。

The research progress of figs was summarized,which could provide reference for researchers. Ficus carica L is an economic plant of the genus Sanctuary. It is small in flowers and hides in the torus. It is also known as cryptic and natural fruit. It is not only sweet and nutritious,but also a traditional Chinese medicine for treating diseases. It has the functions of strengthening the stomach and clearing the intestines,reducing swelling and detoxification,moistening the lungs and relieving cough,clearing away heat and fluid,and strengthening the spleen and diarrhea. The chemical constituents of figs mainly include polysaccharides,flavonoids,phenolic compounds,volatile oils,anthocyanins etc.,which have anti-tumor,immune-improving,hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic,anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-fatigue and other functions by a large number of studies. This paper reviews the research progress of the chemical composition,pharmacological activity and clinical application of Ficus,and it will be a research foundation for the development and utilization of Ficus. It points that nowadays the research and development of Ficus is still not in-depth,so the research still has great challenges and broad prospects.