物联网的应用、面临的挑战和发展趋势

Analysis on the application,challenge and development trend of Internet of Things

物联网(Io T)预示着未来互联网的愿景,即通过网络连接使一切物体积极参与互联网,交换自己及周围环境的信息。物联网的主要优势在于它将对日常生活和潜在用户行为产生巨大影响。物联网技术可以快速访问物理世界及其中对象的信息,从而实现创新服务并提高信息传输的效率和生产力。射频识别标签的大规模使用会带来以下趋势,如具有有限特征的超低成本标签的大规模使用,移动标签和嵌入式系统的普及导致更多功能被带入标签,将为本地带来更好的服务。这些信息集中在标签上,并存在于通信管理中,能确保安全性和与网络的同步。具有增强通信系统的智能设备,将使更加智能化的系统成为可能,具有高度智能和自主性,从而快速部署物联网的应用并创建新的服务。物联网所具备的先天优势,使其可以开发海量的应用程序,阐述了物联网的应用场景:在航空航天业领域,将某些类别的飞机部件引入电子谱系,将这些谱系存储在分散的数据库中,安全附着到飞行器部件上的RFID标签上,可以执行数字签名验证,通过这种验证流程,可以显著提高飞机的安全性和操作的可靠性。在智能交通领域,RFID技术已被用于简化车辆生产、改善物流、提高质量控制和改善客户服务等方面。连接到部件的设备包含制造商名称以及产品的制造时间和地点、序列号、类型、产品代码以及当时设施中的精确位置及相关信息。互联网架构在移动性、可用性、可管理性和可扩展性方面的局限性是物联网的主要障碍。在安全领域的挑战:确保物联网架构的稳定性,主动识别和保护物联网免受攻击和滥用,主动识别和保护物联网对象免受恶意软件的攻击。在用户隐私领域的挑战:保护个人数据隐私和保护个人的位置隐私,需要增强隐私保护技术和相关的保护法,确立和完善用户和对象身份管理的标准、方法和工具。在信任领域的挑战:需要安全高效地交换关键、受保护和敏感的数据,信任机制必须是物联网设计的一部分,必须内置于物联网架构和协议中。研究了物联网领域的最新成果,确定并讨论了物联网未来研究的一些主要问题。

The Internet of Things foreshadows the future vision of the Internet,that is,to enable all objects to actively participate in the Internet and exchange information about themselves and their surroundings through network connections.The main advantage of the Internet of Things is that it will have a tremendous impact on daily life and the behavior of potential users.Internet of Things technology can quickly access the information of the physical world and its objects,thus achieving innovative services and improving the efficiency and productivity of information transmission.The large-scale use of RFID tags will bring the following trends,such as the large-scale use of ultra-low-cost tags with limited features,the popularity of mobile tags and embedded systems,which will lead to more functions being brought into tags,and bring better services to local community.This information is concentrated on tags and exists in communication management to ensure security and synchronization with the network.Intelligent devices with enhanced communication systems will make more intelligent systems possible,with high intelligence and autonomy,so as to rapidly deploy the application of the Internet of Things and create new services.The inherent advantages of the Internet of Things make it possible to develop a large number of applications.The application scenarios of the Internet of Things are described.In the field of aerospace industry,some types of aircraft components are introduced into electronic pedigrees.These pedigrees are stored in decentralized databases,securely attached to the RFID tags on aircraft components,and digital signature verification can be performed through this verification process.It can significantly improve the safety and operational reliability of the aircraft.In the field of intelligent transportation,RFID technology has been used to simplify vehicle production,improve logistics,improve quality control and improve customer service.The limitations of Internet architecture in terms of mobility,availability,manageability and scalability are the main obstacles to the Internet of Things.Challenges in the field of security:to ensure the stability of the Internet of Things architecture,actively identify and protect the Internet of Things from attacks and abuse,actively identify and protect Internet of Things objects from malicious software attacks.Challenges in the field of user privacy:to protect personal data privacy and personal location privacy,we need to strengthen privacy protection technology and related protection laws,establish and improve the standards,methods and tools of user and object identity management.Challenges in the field of trust:secure and efficient exchange of key,protected and sensitive data is required.Trust mechanisms must be part of the design of the Internet of Things and must be built into the architecture and protocols of the Internet of Things.This paper studies the latest achievements in the field of Internet of Things,identifies and discusses some major issues in the future research of the Internet of Things.