时处介词“从”的产生及其发展

The Origin and Development of Chinese Preposition "从"(Cong)

介词“从”可以引进处所、时间、范围、对象和方式,本文主要论述时处介词“从”的由来和发展。“从”存表示处所时,具有四种功能:1.经由、2.始发点、3.所在处、4.方向。笔者认为,“从”获得表示经由的功能,是动词语法化的结果。当它获得表示经由的功能时,它成为“自”的同义词,然后与之同义同向发展,获得表示始发点的功能。“从”之获得表示处所的功能,成为“于、在”的同义训,足它自身继续语法化的结果,具体地说是它所处的语义结构发展的结果。当它成为“于、存”的同义词之后,又成为“向”的同义词。因为在汉语史上,“向”也曾具有表示处所的功能。这也是同义同向发展的结果。

Chinese preposition 'Cong' can introduce place,time,scale,object or manner to a verb.This article mainly deals with its function of place.While showing place,'Cong' has four functions:1.via;2.starting point;3.1ocation;4.direction. We believe it is a result of grammaticalization that 'Cong' gained the function of showing via,at the same time it became a synonym of preposition 'Zi'.Then 'Cong' developed in the same way and direction with 'Zi' and gained the function of starting point.It's the result of continous grammaticalization that 'Cong' gained the function of location and became a synonym of preposition 'Yu' and 'Zai'.Then it became a synonym of prepoaition 'Xiang',as 'Xiang' also had the function of location.It's also a result of its synonym's development in the same way and direction.