单位制与师徒制——总体体制下企业组织的微观治理机制

Mentorship in Danwei System:A micro-mechanistic analysis on Chinese corporate governance

中国在1949年之后逐步形成社会主义计划经济体制,它在很大程度上是一种再分配体制。这种社会主义的再分配体制集中体现为"单位制"的组织形态。在单位制下,科层制的正式制度总是"嵌入"在社会连带关系当中,扎根在具体的民情当中。单位制中的科层关系和师徒关系相互影响、相互制约,这种双重机制是单位制下企业治理的重要特点。除师徒制之外,构成单位制民情治理要素的微观机制还有家庭和社区等组织机制。这些具有延续性和扩展性的普遍社会关联是单位制下的制度保护带和调节、润滑机制,构成了总体体制治理框架下应予以充分重视的社会领域。

Danwei system had been a redistribution system of planned economy in Chinese socialist regime since 1949.In Danwei,the formal bureaucracy was embedded in the social relationships.In other words,it was rooted in the mores.The bureaucracy and the apprenticeship influenced each other;they shaped a dual mechanism in the Chinese industrial enterprises.In addition to the microscopic mechanism of apprenticeship,family and community also played an important role in the governance.These continuous,expansible and universal social connections,constructing the various social spheres in Danwei,were given little attention by the past researches.