农民工参加社会保险比例偏低的原因——农民工市民化及制度统筹的视角

The Reason for Low Coverage of Social Insurance for Rural Migrant Workers:From a perspective of citizenization and insurance arrangements

本文从农民工市民化和制度统筹的视角对农民工参保比例低的原因进行实证分析,讨论了实证模型中的遗漏变量和内生性问题。研究发现,居住时间和收入作为就业质量的两个重要变量对农民工参保具有显著影响;农民工参保是农民工个体决定市民化的结果,当农民工打算在打工城市长期居住,他们更可能会参保,作为其在城市居住和生活的保障;社会保险制度越难于统筹,农民工参保的意愿越低;高年龄组的参保率更低,认知能力高的参保率较高。政策建议:提高农民工受教育水平,提高就业质量的同时提高认知能力;逐渐实现社保的转续衔接;健全兜底性社保。

This paper analyzes the reasons of low coverage of social insurance for rural migrant workers with a perspective of citizenization and insurance arrangements by an empirical model.Omitted variables and endogeneity are also discussed.Time of residence and income,as indicators of quality of employment,has a significant effect on social insurance coverage.Participation rate is a result of citizenization for rural migrant workers.Rural migrant workers take social insurance as a kind of security for residence and living.The greater difficulty of coordination of the insurance system,the higher age,and the lower cognitive ability are associated with a lower participation rate.Improving education,employment quality and cognition ability for rural migrant workers,connecting them to the social insurance system and establishing a bottom insurance protection are important strategies.