山水的“命运”——鄂西南清江流域发展中的“双重脱嵌”

The "Fate" of Landscape:Social and Ecological Changes of Qingjiang Valley from the Perspective of Development

清代以来鄂西南清江航运的兴盛促进了区域性船工组织的发育,并形成了经济活动与自然紧密贴合、区域社会网络与超区域体系密切衔接的流域社会。1980年代之后,清江梯级开发,大坝的修筑使得清江从自然"流域"转变成人工"库区"。伴随着清江航运的衰落、船工组织的解散,流域社会瓦解,原子化的村落和个体化的家户依赖对周遭山水的"资源化"开发,直接进入全球化市场体系,形成人对区域社会和自然的双重"脱嵌"。高山蔬菜种植和网箱养鱼作为两个典型案例,显示出双重"脱嵌"的生态后果和社会后果。清江流域的社会变迁为反思发展问题提供了新的启发。

The prosperity of shipping in Qingjiang valley promoted the development of the regional boatman organization and formed the valley society since the Qing dynasty in the southwest of Hubei province.After the 1980 s,the building of dams transformed the Qingjiang area from a natural 'valley' into an artificial 'reservoir'.Along with the decline of shipping in Qingjiang valley,the boater organization disbanded and the valley society disintegrated.As a result,the atomized villages and individual households had to rely on exploiting the surrounding areas to survive,which pull the villages and villagers into the global market system directly and resulted in a social and natural disembededness.Two typical examples,the mountain vegetable planting and the cage fishing,show a double 'disembededness' of notable ecological and social consequences.The social transformation of Qingjiang valley implies a new inspiration on the reflection of developmentalism.