燃烧尾气后处理的反应溶剂型大型工业CO_2吸收塔工艺技术进展

Recent technological developments in post combustion CO_2 capture amine scrubbing process in commercial plants

介绍了工业化经济型CO_2吸收塔的实体案例,总结近十年来工业化CO_2吸收塔的化工装置以及工程技术进展。系统介绍了CO_2吸收塔的化工工艺装置在运行中经常遇到的技术问题以及相应的解决方案,并分析近十年来几类技术发展,分别是溶液降解和降解产物处理技术、气体排放尾气的采样和分析技术、吸收剂主体组分分析技术、降低总体能耗的催化吸收-解吸技术。通过分析可知,利用固体矿物和生物催化剂是降低能耗的有效方法,但存在大量技术问题有待完善和解决。总之,这一系列的化工工艺技术的发展和进步,会为完善经济型吸收塔提供更多可信的实际数据。因此,燃烧尾气后处理的溶剂型CO_2吸收化工工艺装置必然朝着更小的反应器(吸收塔)和更低的能耗发展目标前进,从而实现该装置的高效率和低成本运行。

Bigger commercial plants of amine based post combustion carbon capture technologies were developed in Saskpower BD3 Unit,Estevan,SK,Canada.Even with this milestone in field of CO_2 capture industry,there are still many technological difficulties ready to solve.This paper reviewed the technological development of the CO_2 absorption and desorption process since the past 10 years,some major problems were very common while the running process of CO_2 capture commercial plant.There are some well-developed solutions and some advanced approaches under development.The amine degradation issue and degradation products need to be analyzed and reclaimed,and the exit off gas need proper probe and sampling treatment before release to the air.The main body of reactive amine solvent need to be tested either with offline or online techniques,and some catalysts CO_2 absorption and desorption were applied for heat duty reduction.Both solid mineral catalysts and biocatalysts are effective approaches,requiring extensive research and development work to pilot in order to perfect the respective processes,and to generate reliable data for a commercial plant.Thus,future trends could see significantly smaller vessels and heat duties,higher efficiency and lower operation costs for post-combustion CO_2 capture from combustion flue gases using reactive solvents.