金属离子印迹电化学传感器研究进展

A review of metal ion imprinted electrochemical sensors

离子印迹技术与电化学检测相结合制备的离子印迹电化学传感器(ion imprinted electrochemical sensor,ⅡES)可以有效检测水溶液中的痕量金属离子,因此在重金属和放射性元素的检测及贵金属回收等领域有着广泛的应用前景。基于此,本文以元素周期表中的过渡元素、主族元素、稀土/锕系元素等为ⅡES的分类标准,介绍了ⅡES的构建方法及其在不同金属离子检测中应用的最新研究进展,对不同方法构建的ⅡES的灵敏度、选择性、检测范围和稳定性等进行了评述,指出目前研究中存在制备方法不成熟、体系要求严苛等问题,提出现阶段ⅡES面临的挑战、可能的解决策略和未来发展趋势,尤其需加强在稀土金属及难印迹金属如锂等元素的ⅡES构建及应用、功能单体开发、交联剂筛选和制备技术等方面的研究。

Ion imprinted electrochemical sensor(ⅡES), a combination of ion imprinting technology and electrochemical detection, can be used for efficient detection of trace water-soluble metal ions. ⅡES shows a good application prospect in determination of heavy metals and radioactive elements, and in recovery of precious metals. In an effort to stimulate further work on the ⅡES, we introduce the preparation methods of ⅡES and the latest research advances of different metal ion sensors, and review the properties of different ⅡES, including sensibility, selectivity, detection range and stability based on the transition elements, main group elements, and rare earth/actinide elements in the periodic table. It is pointed out that there are still some problems in current research such as immature preparation methods and strict system requirements. The challenges, possible solutions and future trends in ⅡES developments are provided as well. In particular, more attention should be placed in the ⅡES construction from rare earth elements and alkali metals such as lithium, in addition to the development of functional monomers,screening of cross-linking agents and new preparation techniques.